Abbreviations in Britannica CD

Abbreviations Used in the Index

Abbreviations Used in Article Text

Abbreviations Used in the Index

abbrev.: abbreviation

acct.: accounting

A.C.T. Australian Capital Territory

act.: actor, actress

AD: in the year of our Lord (Latin anno Domini )

adj.gen.: adjutant general

adm.: admiral

admin.: administration, administrative

adv.: advertising

Aeg.S.: Aegean Sea

aero.: aeronautics, aeronautical

Af.: Africa, African

Afg.: Afghanistan, Afghani

agri.: agriculture, agriculturist, agricultural

AH: in the year of the hijrah (hegira), or Muslim era (Latin anno Hegirae)

Ala.: Alabama

Alb.: Albania, Albanian

Alg.: Algeria, Algerian

Alsk.: Alaska, Alaskan

Alta.: Alberta

Am.: American

Am.Sam.: American Samoa

anat.: anatomy

anc.: ancient

And.: Andorra, Andorran

And.Is.: Andaman Islands

Ang.: Angola, Angolese

Ant.: Antigua, Antiguan

Antarc.: Antarctica

anthol.: anthology, anthologist

anthro.: anthropology, anthropologist, anthropological

Arab.: Arabia, Arabic, Arabian

arch.: architecture, architect, architectural

archae.: archaeology, archaeologist, archaeological

archbp.: archbishop

archip.: archipelago

Arct.: Arctic

Arg.: Argentina, Argentine

arith.: arithmetic

Ariz.: Arizona

Ark.: Arkansas

Arm.: Armenia, Armenian

arrond.: arrondissement

art.: artist

As.: Asia, Asiatic, Asian

Assoc.: Association

A.S.S.R.: Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

astrol.: astrology, astrologer

astron.: astronomy, astronomer, astronomical

astrophys.: astrophysics, astrophysicist, astrophysical

Atl.O. Atlantic Ocean

au.: author

Aus.: Austria, Austrian

Austr.: Australia, Australian

aut.area: autonomous area

Av., or Ave.: Avenue, Avenida

b.: born

Babyl.: Babylonia, Babylonian

bac.: bacteriology, bacteriologist

Bah.: Bahamas, Bahamian

Bahr.: Bahrain, Bahrainian

Bal.Is.: Balearic Islands

Bangla.: Bangladesh, Bangladeshi

Barb.: Barbados, Barbadian

bart.: baronet

Bav.: Bavaria, Bavarian

BC: before Christ

B.C. British Columbia

Beds.: Bedfordshire

Belg.: Belgium, Belgian

Ber.: Bermuda, Bermudan

Berks.: Berkshire

bev.: beverage

Bhut.: Bhutan, Bhutanese, Bhutani

bibl.: biblical

biblio.: bibliography, bibliographer

biochem.: biochemistry, biochemist

biog.: biography, biographer

biogeog.: biogeography

biol.: biology, biologist, biological

bldg.: building

Blvd.: Boulevard

Bohem.: Bohemia, Bohemian

Bol.: Bolivia, Bolivian

boro.: borough

bot.: botany, botanist, botanical

Bots.: Botswana (country and people)

bp.: bishop

Br.: Britain, British

Braz.: Brazil, Brazilian

brig.gen.: brigadier general

Brun.: Brunei

Bucks.: Buckinghamshire

Bulg.: Bulgaria, Bulgarian

Bur.: Burma, Burmese

Buru.: Burundi, Burundian

bus.: business

Byz.: Byzantium, Byzantine

c.: about, approximately (Latin circa )

Calif.: California

C.Am.: Central America

Camb.: Cambodia, Cambodian

Cambs.: Cambridgeshire

Camer.: Cameroon, Cameroons

Can.: Canada, Canadian

Can.Is.: Canary Islands

card.: cardinal

Carib.: Caribbean

caric.: caricature, caricaturist

cartog.: cartography, cartographer

cath.: cathedral

Cath.: Catholicism, Catholic

Cauc.: Caucasia, Caucasus

Cay.Is.: Cayman Islands

CE: Christian Era, Common Era

Celt.: Celtic

cent.: century

Cent.: Central

Cent.Af.Rep.: Central African Republic

chan.: channel

Chan.Is.: Channel Islands

chem.: chemistry, chemist, chemical

Ches.: Cheshire

Chil.: Chilean

Chin.: Chinese

chron.: chronology

C.I.: Côte d'Ivoire

class.: classification, classical

cler.: clergyman

Cleve.: Cleveland (English county)

climat.: climatological, climatologist, climatology

co.: county

Co., co.: company

col(s).: column(s)

Col.: Colonel

coll.: college; collector, collection

Colo.: Colorado

Colom.: Colombia, Colombian

com.: commerce, commercial; commission; committee; commune

Com.: Comoros

comdr.: commander

comdt.: commandant

commo.: commodore

commu.: communications

comp.: composer

comp.sci.: computer science

Con.B.: Congo, Republic of (Brazzaville), Congolese

Con.K.: Congo, Democratic Republic of (Kinshasa), Congolese

Conn.: Connecticut

const.: construction

Corn.: Cornwall

Corp.: Corporation

C.R.: Costa Rica, Costa Rican

crit.: critic, criticism

crystall.: crystallography, crystallographer

C.Verde: Cape Verde

Cyp.: Cyprus, Cypriot

d.: died

Dan.: Danish

D.C.: District of Columbia

Del.: Delaware

Dem., dem.: democratic

Den.: Denmark

dept.: department, département, departamento

Derby.: Derbyshire

dermatol.: dermatology, dermatologist

D.F.: Federal District (Spanish Distrito Federal)

dial.: dialect

dict.: dictionary

dipl.: diplomat, diplomacy

dir.: director

dist.: district

div.: division

dom.: dominion

Dom.: Dominica

Dom.Rep.: Dominican Republic

Dr., dr.: doctor; drive

dram.: dramatist

Drav.: Dravidian

Du.: Dutch

E.: East, Eastern

E.Af.: East Africa

Ec.: Ecuador, Ecuadorian

eccl.: ecclesiastical, ecclesiast

econ.: economics, economist

ed.: edition, editor

educ.: education, educator

e.g.: for example (Latin exempli gratia)

E.Ger.: East Germany

Egy.: Egypt, Egyptian

elec.: electricity, electric, electrical, electronics

El Sal.: El Salvador

embryol.: embryology

emp.: empire, emperor, empress

encyc.: encyclopaedia

Eng.: England, English

engin.: engineering, engineer

engr.: engraving, engraver

entom.: entomology, entomologist

Equat.Guin.: Equatorial Guinea

est.: estimate, estimated; estuary

Est.: Estonia, Estonian

E.Susx.: East Sussex

et al.: and others (Latin et alii, or aliae )

et seq.: and following page(s) (Latin et sequens, sequentes, or sequentia)

etc.: and so forth (Latin et cetera)

Eth.: Ethiopia, Ethiopian

ethnol.: ethnology, ethnologist

Eur.: Europe, European

exec.: executive

expl.: explorer

f.: father

Falk.Is.: Falkland Islands, Falklander

fam.: family

Fed., fed. federation, federal

Fili.: Filipino (native of the Philippines)

Fin.: Finland, Finnish

fin.: finance

fl.: flourished (Latin floruit)

Fla.: Florida

Flem.: Flemish

fol.: following

Found., found.: foundation

Fr.: France, French

Ft., ft.: fort

Ga.: Georgia

Gab.: Gabon, Gabonese

Gam.: Gambia, Gambian

gen.: general

geneal.: genealogy, genealogist, genealogical

genet.: genetics, geneticist

geog.: geography, geographer, geographical

geol.: geology, geologist, geological

geom.: geometry

geophys.: geophysics, geophysical, geophysicist

Ger.: Germany, German

Gib.: Gibraltar

Glos.: Gloucestershire

gov.: governor

govt.: government

Gr.: Greece, Greek

gram.: grammar, grammarian

Green.: Greenland

Gren.: Grenada

Gt.Br.: Great Britain

Gtr.London: Greater London

Gtr.Mches.: Greater Manchester

Guad.: Guadeloupe

Guat.: Guatemala, Guatemalan

Guin.: Guinea, Guinean

Guy.: Guyana, Guyanan

h.: husband

Hants.: Hampshire

Haw.: Hawaii, Hawaiian

Heb.: Hebrew

her.: heraldry

Here.&Worc.: Hereford and Worcester

Herts.: Hertfordshire

hist.: history, historian, historical

H.K.: Hong Kong

HMS: His, or Her, Majesty's Ship, or Service

Holl.: Holland

Hon.: Honourable

Hond.: Honduras, Honduran

hort.: horticulture, horticulturist

hts.: heights

Humbs.: Humberside

Hung.: Hungary, Hungarian

Hwy.: Highway

Ia.: Iowa

Ice.: Iceland, Icelandic

Ida.: Idaho

I.E.: Indo-European

i.e.: that is (Latin id est)

Ill.: Illinois

illus.: illustration

Inc.: Incorporated

incl.: including

ind.: independent

Ind.: Indiana

Ind.O.: Indian Ocean

Indon.: Indonesia, Indonesian

indus.: industry, industrialist, industrial

Inst., inst.: institute, institution

instru.: instrument

internat.: international

inv.: inventor

I.of Man: Isle of Man

I.of Wight, or I.O.W.: Isle of Wight

Ire.: Ireland

is., isl(s).: island, islands

Isr.: Israel, Israeli

isth.: isthmus

It.: Italy, Italian

Jam.: Jamaica, Jamaican

Jor.: Jordan, Jordanian

journ.: journal, journalist, journalism

Jr.: Junior

jur.: jurist

k.: king

Kamp.: Kampuchea, Kampuchean

Kan.: Kansas

Ken.: Kenya, Kenyan

king.: kingdom

Kiri.: Kiribati

Kor.: Korea, Korean

Kuw.: Kuwait, Kuwaiti

Ky.: Kentucky

l.: lake; lane

La.: Louisiana

Lab.: Labrador, Labradorian

Lancs.: Lancashire

lang.: language

Lat.: Latin

Lat.Am.: Latin America, Latin American

law.: lawyer

lb.: pound(s)

Leb.: Lebanon, Lebanese

Lee.Is.: Leeward Islands

leg.: legend, legendary; legislation

Leic.: Leicestershire

Les.: Lesotho

Lib.: Liberia, Liberian

libn.: librarian

Liech.: Liechtenstein

lieut.: lieutenant

Lincs.: Lincolnshire

ling.: linguistics, linguist

lit.: literature, literary

Lith.: Lithuania, Lithuanian

litho.: lithography, lithographer

Ltd.: Limited

Luxem.: Luxembourg, Luxembourgian

m.: married

Maced.: Macedonia, Macedonian

Mad.: Madagascar, Madagascan

mag.: magazine

maj.: major

Mal.: Malaysia, Malaysian

Malag.Rep.: Malagasy Republic

Mald.: Maldives, Maldivan

Man.: Manitoba

manag.: manager

Mart.: Martinique, Martinican

Mass.: Massachusetts

math.: mathematics, mathematician, mathematical

Md.: Maryland

Me.: Maine

meas.: measure, measurement

mech.: mechanics

med.: medicine, medical

Medit.: Mediterranean

mer.: merchant

Mers.: Merseyside

Mesop.: Mesopotamia, Mesopotamian

met.: metallurgy, metallurgist, metallurgical

meteorol.: meteorology, meteorologist

Mex.: Mexico, Mexican

mfr.: manufacture, manufacturer

M.Glam.: Mid Glamorgan

Mich.: Michigan

microbiol.: microbiology, microbiologist

mil.: military

min.: mineral, mining, mineralogist, mineralogical

minis.: minister

Minn.: Minnesota

Miss.: Mississippi

Mo.: Missouri

mod.: modern

mon.: monument

Mon.: Monaco, Monacan, Monagasque

Mong.: Mongolia, Mongolian

Mont.: Montana

Monts.: Montserrat

Mor.: Morocco, Moroccan

Moz.: Mozambique, Mozambican

ms(s).: manuscript(s)

Mt., Mts., mt., mts.: mount(s), mountain(s)

mun.: municipality

mus.: music, musician, musical

myth.: mythology, mythological

N.: North, Northern

N.Af.: North Africa

N.Am.: North America

Nam.: Namibia

nat.: naturalist

natl.: national

naut.: nautical

nav.: naval

navig.: navigator

N.B.: New Brunswick

N.C.: North Carolina

N.Cal.: New Caledonia

N.Dak., or N.D.: North Dakota

Neb.: Nebraska

Neth.: The Netherlands

Neth.Ant.: Netherlands Antilles

Nev.: Nevada

news.: newspaper

Nfd.: Newfoundland

N.G.: New Guinea

N.H.: New Hampshire

Nic.: Nicaragua, Nicaraguan

nick.: nickname

Nig.: Nigeria, Nigerian

N.Ire.: Northern Ireland

N.J.: New Jersey

N.Kor.: North Korea

N.Mex., or N.M.: New Mexico

Nor.: Norway, Norwegian

Norf.: Norfolk

Northants.: Northamptonshire

Northum.: Northumberland

Notts.: Nottinghamshire

N.S.: Nova Scotia

N.S.W.: New South Wales

N.Terr.: Northern Territory (Australia)

N.W.Terr.: Northwest Territories (Canada)

N.Y.: New York

N.Y.C.: New York City

N.Yorks.: North Yorkshire

N.Z.: New Zealand

obl.: oblast

of.: officer

offi.: official

Okla.: Oklahoma

okr.: okrug

Ont.: Ontario

op.cit.: in the work cited (Latin opere, or opus, citato)

Ore.: Oregon

org(s).: organization(s)

osteol.: osteology

osteop.: osteopathology, osteopath

Oxon.: Oxfordshire

p.: page

Pa.: Pennsylvania

Pac.O.: Pacific Ocean

paint.: painting, painter

Pak.: Pakistan, Pakistani

Pal.: Palestine, Palestinian

paleob.: paleobotany, paleobotanist

paleog.: paleogeography

paleon.: paleontology, paleontologist

Pan.: Panama, Panamanian

Pap.N.G.: Papua New Guinea, Papuan

Par.: Paraguay, Paraguayan

parl.: parliament

passim to: references scattered between pages cited

path.: pathology, pathologist

P.E.I.: Prince Edward Island

penin.: peninsula

period.: periodical

Pers.: Persia, Persian

petrol.: petrology, petrologist

pharm.: pharmacy, pharmacist, pharmacology, pharmacologist

Phil.: Philippines

philan.: philanthropy, philanthropist

philol.: philology, philologist

philos.: philosophy, philosopher

phot.: photography, photographer

phys.: physics, physicist

physic.: physician

physiol.: physiology, physiologist, physiological

plat.: plateau

Pol.: Poland, Polish

pol.: politics, politician, political

pol.sci.: political science

Poly.: Polynesia, Polynesian

pop.: population

Port.: Portugal, Portuguese

poss.: possession

P.R.: Puerto Rico, Puerto Rican

pr.: priest

preft.: prefecture

prelim.: preliminary (census)

pres.: president

print.: printing, printer

pr.min.: prime minister

prof.: professor

Prot.: Protectorate; Protestant

prov.: province, provincial

pseud.: pseudonym, pseudonymous

psychol.: psychology, psychologist, psychological

pt.: point

ptg.: printing

pub.: public; publication

publ.: publisher

pvt.: private

q.: queen

Que.: Quebec, Quebecer, Quebecker

Queens., or Qld.: Queensland

q.v.: which see (singular; Latin quod vide )

Rd., rd.: road

rear adm.: rear admiral

ref.: reference

reg.: region

rel.: religion, religious

rep.: representative; republic

res.: reservoir

reserva.: reservation

resid.: residency

rev.: revolution, revolutionary

R.I.: Rhode Island

riv.: river

Rom.: Romania, Romanian

R.R., r.r.: railroad

Russ.: Russia, Russian

Rw.: Rwanda, Rwand

ry.: railway

S.: South, Southern

S., s.: Saint ( San, Santo, Sant' )

S.Af.: South Africa, South African

Sam.: Samoa, Samoan

S.Am.: South America, South American

San Mar.: San Marino

Sask.: Saskatchewan

Saud.Arab.: Saudi Arabia, Saudi, Saudi Arabian

S.Austr.: South Australia

S.C.: South Carolina

Scand.: Scandinavia, Scandinavian

schol.: scholar

sci.: science, scientist, scientific

Scot.: Scotland, Scottish

sculp.: sculpture, sculptor

S.Dak., or S.D.: South Dakota

sen.: senator

Sen.: Senegal, Senegalese

Sey.: Seychelles

S.F.S.R.: Soviet Federated Socialist Republic

S.Glam.: South Glamorgan

sgt.: sergeant

Shrops.: Shropshire

Sib.: Siberia, Siberian

Sing.: Singapore, Singaporean

S.Kor.: South Korea

S.L.: Sierra Leone

soc.: society, social; socialist

sociol.: sociology, sociologist, sociological

Sol.Is.: Solomon Islands

Som.: Somali, Somalia (Somali Republic), Somalian

Somer.: Somerset

Sov.: Soviet

Sp.: Spain, Spanish

spr(s).: spring(s)

Sr.: Senior

SS: Steamship

SS., ss.: Saints

S.S.R.: Soviet Socialist Republic

St., st.: Saint ( Sankt, Sint); street

Sta.: Saint ( Santa)

Staffs.: Staffordshire

states.: statesman

statis.: statistician, statistics

Ste.: Saint ( Sainte)

St.Kitts: Saint Kitts and Nevis

St.P.&M.: Saint Pierre and Miquelon

str.: strait

Sud.: Sudan, Sudanese

Suff.: Suffolk

Sum.: Sumatra

Sur.: Suriname

surg.: surgery, surgeon

Swaz.: Swaziland

Swed.: Sweden, Swedish

Switz.: Switzerland

S.Yorks.: South Yorkshire

Syr.: Syria, Syrian

Tai.: Taiwan, Taiwanese

Tan., or Tanz.: Tanzania, Tanzanian

Tas.: Tasmania, Tasmanian

tech.: technology, technological

Tenn.: Tennessee

terr.: territory, territorial

Tex.: Texas

Thai.: Thailand, Thai

thea.: theatre, theatrical

theol.: theology, theologian, theological

Tib.: Tibet, Tibetan

trag.: tragedy, tragedian

Tr. and Tob.: Trinidad and Tobago

trans.: translated, translation, translator

trib.: tributary

trig.: trigonometry

Tr.Terr.Pac.Is.: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

Tun.: Tunisia, Tunisian

Tur.: Turkey, Turkish

Tuv.: Tuvalu, Tuvaluan

twp.: township

typog.: typography

U.A.E.: United Arab Emirates

Ugan.: Uganda, Ugandan

U.K.: United Kingdom

UN: United Nations

Univ., univ.: university

Urug.: Uruguay, Uruguayan

U.S.: United States

U.S.A.: United States of America

U.S.S.R.: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Va.: Virginia

val.: valley

Van.: Vanuatu

Venez.: Venezuela, Venezuelan

vet.: veterinarian, veterinary

Vic.: Victoria

vice adm.: vice admiral

vice pres.: vice president

Viet.: Vietnam, Vietnamese

vil.: vilayet

Vir.Is.: Virgin Islands

viz.: namely (Latin videlicet)

vol.: volume(s)

Vt.: Vermont

W.: West, Western

w.: wife

W.Af.: West Africa, West African

Warw.: Warwickshire

Wash.: Washington

W.Austr.: Western Australia

W.Ger.: West Germany

W.Glam.: West Glamorgan

W.I.: West Indies

Wilts.: Wiltshire

Wis.: Wisconsin

W.Mids.: West Midlands

writ.: writer

W.Sam.: Western Samoa, Western Samoan

W.Susx.: West Sussex

W.Va.: West Virginia

W.W.: world war

Wyo.: Wyoming

W.Yorks.: West Yorkshire

Yem.: Yemen, Yemeni

Yugos.: Yugoslavia, Yugoslavian

Zimb.: Zimbabwe, Zimbabwean

zool.: zoology, zoologist, zoological

A.B.: Bachelor of Arts (Latin Artium Baccalaureus); Army Base

Ac: actinium

AC: alternating current

A.C.T.: Australian Capital Territory

AD: in the year of the Lord (Latin anno Domini)

A.F.B.: Air Force Base

Afg.: Afghanistan

A.F.S.: Air Force Station

Ag: silver (Latin argentum)

AG: Limited-liability Company

(German Aktiengesellschaft)

AH: (Latin anno Hegirae) in the year of the Hegira, or Muslim era

Al: aluminum, aluminium

Ala.: Alabama

Alb.: Albania

Alg.: Algeria

Alta.: Alberta

Am: Americium

AM: before noon (Latin ante meridiem)

AM: amplitude modulation

A.M.: Master of Arts (Latin Artium Magister)

Amer.: American

Ant.B.: Antigua and Barbuda

Ar: argon

Arg.: Argentina

Ariz.: Arizona

Ark.: Arkansas

Arm.: Armenia

Arpt.: Airport

As: arsenic

A.S.: Air Station

A.S.S.R.: Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

At: astatine

Au: gold (Latin aurum)

Aug.: August

Austl.: Australia

Av.: Avenida (Spanish:"Avenue'')

Ave.: Avenue

Azer.: Azerbaijan

b.: born

B: boron

Ba: barium

B.A.: Bachelor of Arts

Bah.: The Bahamas

Bangl.: Bangladesh

Barb.: Barbados

BC: before Christ

B.C.: British Columbia

BCE: before the Common Era, or Christian era

Be: beryllium

B.Ed.: Bachelor of Education

Bela.: Belarus

Belg.: Belgium

Bfld.: Battlefield

Bge.: Bridge

Bi: bismuth

Bk: berkelium

Bldg.: Building

Bldgs.: Buildings

Blvd.: Boulevard

Bol.: Bolivia

Bos.-Her.: Bosnia and Hercegovina

Bots.: Botswana

BP: before the present

Br: bromine

Braz.: Brazil

Brit.: British

B.S.: Bachelor of Science

B.Sc.: Bachelor of Science

Bulg.: Bulgaria

Burk.: Burkina Faso

c.: about, approximately (Latin circa)

C: carbon; Celsius

C.: Cape

Ca: calcium

C.A.R.: Central African Republic

Calif.: California

Camb.: Cambodia

Camer.: Cameroon

Can.: Canada

Cay.Is.: Cayman Islands

Cb columbium

Cd cadmium

C.d'I.: Côte d'Ivoire

Ce: cerium

CE: Common era, Christian era

cf.: compare (Latin confer)

Cf: californium

cg: centigram(s)

Cia.: Company (Italian Compagnia; Portuguese Companhia; Spanish Compañia)

Cie.: Company (French Compagnie)

Cl: chlorine

cm: centimetre(s)

Cm: curium

CMSA: consolidated metropolitan statistical area

Co: cobalt

Co.: Company; County

Colo.: Colorado

Colom.: Colombia

Conn.: Connecticut

Cord.: Cordillera

Corp.: Corporation

cos: cosine

cot: cotangent

Cr: chromium

C.Rica: Costa Rica

Cro.: Croatia

Cs: cesium

csc: cosecant

Cu: copper (Latin cuprum)

Czech.: Czechoslovakia

Cz.Rep.: Czech Republic

d.: died

DC: direct current

D.C.: District of Columbia

Dec.: December

Del.: Delaware

Den.: Denmark

Dept.: Department

D.F.: Federal District (Spanish Distrito Federal)

Djib.: Djibouti

D.Litt.: Doctor of Letters (Latin Doctor Litterarum)

Dom.Rep.: Dominican Republic

Dr.: Doctor; Drive

Dy: dysprosium

E: east

Ecua.: Ecuador

ed.: edited; edition; editor

Ed.: Britannica editor, or editors

eds.: editors

E.Ger.: East Germany

El Salv.: El Salvador

Eng.: England; English

Eq.Guin.: Equatorial Guinea

Er: erbium

Es: einsteinium

est.: estimate; estimated

Est.: Estonia

et al.: and others (Latin et alli, or aliae)

et seq.: and following page(s) (Latin et sequens, sequentese, or sequentia)

etc.: and so forth (Latin et cetera)

Eth.: Ethiopia

Eu: europium

Expwy.: Expressway

F: Fahrenheit; fluorine

Fe: iron (Latin ferrum)

Feb.: February

ff.: and following pages

Fig.: Figure

Fin.: Finland

fl.: flourished (Latin floruit)

Fm: fermium

Fla.: Florida

FM: frequency modulation

Fr: francium

Fr.: France

Fr.Guia.: French Guiana

Fr.Poly.: French Polynesia

Ft.: Fort

g: gram(s)

Ga: gallium

Ga.: Georgia (U.S.)

Gd: gadolinium

Ge: germanium

Geo.: Georgia (country)

Ger.: Germany

Gib.: Gibraltar

GmbH: Company with Limited Liability (German Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung)

Green.: Greenland

Gren.: Grenada

Guad.: Guadeloupe

Guat.: Guatemala

Guin.Bis.: Guinea-Bissau

h: hour(s)

H: hydrogen

Ha: hahnium

Hbr.: Harbour

He: helium

Hf: hafnium

Hg: mercury (Latin hydrargyrum)

H.K.: Hong Kong

HMS: His, or Her, Majesty's Ship, or Service

Ho: holmium

Hond.: Honduras

Hosp.: Hospital

Hung.: Hungary

Hwy.: Highway

I: iodine

I.: Island

ibid.: in the same place (Latin ibidem)

Ice.: Iceland

i.e.: that is (Latin id est)

Ill.: Illinois

In: indium

Inc.: Incorporated

Ind.: Indiana

Ind. Res.: Indian Reservation

Indon.: Indonesia

Inst.: Institute

Intl.: International

Ir: iridium

Ire.: Ireland

Is.: Islands

Jam.: Jamaica

Jan.: January

Jr.: Junior

K: potassium (Latin kalium); Kelvin; Köchel catalog number

Kazakh.: Kazakhstan

Kan.: Kansas

kg: kilogram

KG: Limited Partnership (German Kommandit Gesellschaft)

Kiri.: Kiribati

Kitts/N.: Saint Kitts and Nevis

KK: Limited-liability Company (Japanese Kabushiki Kaisha)

km: kilometre(s)

Kr: krypton

Ky.: Kentucky

Kyrgyz.: Kyrgyzstan

L.: Lake

La: lanthanum

La.: Louisiana

Leb.: Lebanon

Leso.: Lesotho

Liech.: Liechtenstein

Lith.: Lithuania

LL.B.: Bachelor of Laws (Latin Legum Baccalaureus)

LL.D.: Doctor of Laws (Latin Legum Doctor)

log: logarithm

Lr: lawrencium

Ltd.: Limited

Lu: lutetium

Lucia: Saint Lucia

Lux.: Luxembourg

m: metre(s)

MA: metropolitan area

M.A.: Master of Arts

Maced.: Macedonia

Madag.: Madagascar

Malay.: Malaysia

Mald.: Maldives

Man.: Manitoba

Marsh.Is.: Marshall Islands

Mart.: Martinique

Mass.: Massachusetts

Maurits.: Mauritius

mbH: Limited; with Limited Liability (German mit beschränkter Haftung)

Md.: Maryland

M.D.: Doctor of Medicine (Latin Medicinae Doctor)

Mem.: Memorial

Mex.: Mexico

mg: milligram(s)

Mg: magnesium

Mich.: Michigan

Micron.: Micronesia

Mil.: Military

min: minute(s)

Minn.: Minnesota

Miss.: Mississippi

Mlle: Mademoiselle

mm: millimetre(s)

Mme: Madame

Mn: manganese

Mo: molybdenum

Mo.: Missouri

Moldv.: Moldova

Mon.: Monument

Mong.: Mongolia

Mont.: Montana

Monts.: Montserrat

Mor.: Morocco

Mozam.: Mozambique

MP: member of Parliament

Mr.: Mister

Mrs.: "Missus''

M.S.: Master of Science

MSA: metropolitan statistical area

M.Sc.: Master of Science

Mt.: Mount

Mtania.: Mauritania

Mtn.: Mountain

Mts.: Mountains

mun.: municipality

Mus.: Museum

MV: Motor Vessel

Myan.: Myanmar

N: nitrogen; north

Na: sodium (Latin natrium)

NA: National Association

Namib.: Namibia

Natl.: National

Natl. Pk.: National Park

Nat. Res.: Nature Reserve

Nb: niobium

N.B.: New Brunswick; Naval Base

N.C.: North Carolina

Nd: neodymium

N.D.: North Dakota

Ne: neon

NE: northeast

Neb.: Nebraska

NECMA: New England county metropolitan area

Neth.: The Netherlands

Neth.Ant.: Netherlands Antilles

Nev.: Nevada

New Cal.: New Caledonia

Nfd.: Newfoundland

N.H.: New Hampshire

Ni: nickel

Nic.: Nicaragua

N.Ire.: Northern Ireland

N.J.: New Jersey

N.Kor.: North Korea

N.M.: New Mexico

no.: number

No: nobelium

Nor.: Norway

Nov.: November

Np: neptunium

NS: Nuclear Ship

N.S.: New Style (calendar)

N.S.W.: New South Wales

N.Terr.: Northern Territory

NV: Limited-liability Company (Dutch Naamloze Vennootschap)

NW: northwest

N.W.Terrs.: Northwest Territories

N.Y.: New York

N.Y.C.: New York City

N.Z.: New Zealand

O: oxygen

Oct.: October

Okla.: Oklahoma

Ont.: Ontario

op.: opus

Ore.: Oregon

Os: osmium

O.S.: Old Style (calendar)

p.: page

P: phosphorus

pA: Limited (Italian per Azioni)

Pa: protactinium

Pa.: Pennsylvania

Pak.: Pakistan

Pal.: Palace

Pan.: Panama

Para.: Paraguay

Pb: lead (Latin plumbum)

Pd: palladium

P.E.I.: Prince Edward Island

Pen.: Peninsula

perf.: performed; performance

pH: potential of hydrogen (acidity-alkalinity factor)

Ph.D.: Doctor of Philosophy (Latin Philosophiae Doctor)

Phil.: Philippines

Pk.: Park; Peak

Pkwy.: Parkway

Pl.: Place

Plat.: Plateau

PLC: Public Limited Company

Pm: promethium

PM: afternoon (Latin post meridiem)

PMSA: primary metropolitan statistical area

P.N.G.: Papua New Guinea

Po: polonium

Pol.: Poland

pop.: population

Port.: Portugal

pp.: pages

Pr: praseodymium

P.R.: Puerto Rico

prelim.: preliminary (census)

Prov.: Province

Prov. Pk.: Provincial Park

Pt: platinum

Pt.: Point

Pu: plutonium

qq.v.: which see (plural; Latin quae vide)

Que.: Quebec

Queen.: Queensland

q.v.: which see (singular; Latin quod vide)

R: Rankine

R.: River

Ra: radium

Rb: rubidium

Rd.: Road

Re: rhenium

Res.: Reservoir; Reservation

rev.: revised; revision

Rf: rutherfordium

Rh: rhodium

R.I.: Rhode Island

Rn: radon

Rom.: Romania

Ru: ruthenium

s: second(s)

S: South; sulfur

SA: Limited-liability Company (French Société Anonyme; Italian Società Anònima; Portuguese Sociedade Anónima; Spanish Sociedad Anónima)

S.Af.: South Africa

Sask.: Saskatchewan

Saud.Ar.: Saudi Arabia

S.Aus.: South Australia

Sb: antimony (Latin stibium)

Sc: scandium

S.C.: South Carolina

Scot.: Scotland

SCSA: standard consolidated statistical area

S.D.: South Dakota

Se: selenium

SE: southeast

sec: secant; second(s)

Seneg.: Senegal

Sept.: September

Seych.: Seychelles

S.F.S.R.: Soviet Federated Socialist Republic

Si: silicon

sin: sine

Sing.: Singapore

S.Kor.: South Korea

Slvk.: Slovakia

Slvn.: Slovenia

Sm: samarium

Sn: tin (Latin stannum)

Solo.Is.: Solomon Islands

Som.: Somalia

SpA: Limited-liability Company (Italian Società per Azioni)

Spr.: Spring

Sprs.: Springs

Sq.: Square

Sr: strontium

Sr.: Senior

Sri L.: Sri Lanka

SS: Steamship

SS.: Saints

S.S.R.: Soviet Socialist Republic

St.: Saint; State; Street

St. Pk.: State Park

Ste.: Saint (French Sainte)

S.Tomé: São Tomé and Príncipe

Str.: Strait

Strs.: Straits

Suri.: Suriname

SW: southwest

Swaz.: Swaziland

Swed.: Sweden

Switz.: Switzerland

Ta: tantalum

Tajik.: Tajikistan

tan: tangent

Tanz.: Tanzania

Tas.: Tasmania

Tb: terbium

Tc: technetium

Te: tellurium

Tenn.: Tennessee

Terr.: Territory; Terrace

Terrs.: Territories

Th: thorium

Thai.: Thailand

Ti: titanium

Tl: thallium

Tm: thulium

Tpk.: Turnpike

trans.: translated; translation; translator(s)

Trin.: Trinidad

Trin./Tob.: Trinidad and Tobago

Tun.: Tunisia

Tur.: Turkey

Turkm.: Turkmenistan

U: uranium

U.A.E.: United Arab Emirates

Ugan.: Uganda

U.K.: United Kingdom

Ukr.: Ukraine

UN: United Nations

Univ.: University

Uru.: Uruguay

U.S.: United States

USGPO: United States Government Printing Office

USS: United States Ship

U.S.S.R.: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Uzbek.: Uzbekistan

v.: versus

V: vanadium

Va.: Virginia

var.: variant

Venez.: Venezuela

Vic.: Victoria

Viet.: Vietnam

Vinc./G.: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Vir.Is.: Virgin Islands

vol.: volume(s)

Vol.: Volcano

Vt.: Vermont

W: west; tungsten (wolfram)

Wash.: Washington

W.Aus.: Western Australia

W.Ger.: West Germany

Wis.: Wisconsin

W.Samoa: Western Samoa

W.Va.: West Virginia

Wyo.: Wyoming

Xe: xenon

Y: yttrium

Yb: ytterbium

Yugos.: Yugoslavia

Zamb.: Zambia

Zimb.: Zimbabwe

Zn: zinc

Zr: zirconium