Leo IX, Saint, or Bruno, Graf von Egisheim und Dagsburg (pope)

• association with Gregory VII
• reign
  • Cerularius' opposition [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]
  • chancery innovations
  • German policy
  • Hautevilles conflict
  • Italian policy
  • lay investiture controversy
  • reform movement
  • Schism of 1054
  • William the Conqueror's marriage condemnation