United Kingdom

United Kingdom, or Britain, or Great Britain, or United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

MICROPAEDIA
MACROPAEDIA
BRITANNICA BOOK OF THE YEAR 1995
BRITANNICA BOOK OF THE YEAR 1994
STATISTICAL INFORMATION: see BRITANNICA BOOK OF THE YEAR
agriculture
- agricultural trade policies
- animal husbandry
- cereal crop farming [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
- farm management
- farming
- land reform
- livestock and poultry [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
- research
- tenant farming
arts and architecture
- architectural restoration policy
- architectural style
- art forms
  - armorial bearings [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
  - calligraphy
  - caricature [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
  - folk art
  - glassmaking [Ref 1], [Ref 2]
  - hallmarks
  - medals
  - metalwork
  - Pop art
  - printmaking
  - Saint Edward's Crown
  - stained glass
- dance [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]; [Ref 3] passim to [Ref 4]
- epitaphs
- garden design
- interior design
  - flower arrangement [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
  - lacquerwork furniture
  - rugs and carpets
- motion pictures [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]; [Ref 3] passim to [Ref 4]
- music
  - keyboard instruments [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
  - national anthem text
  - opera
  - performance characteristics
  - rock
- painting
  - Baroque
  - life paintings
  - modern [Ref 1], [Ref 2], [Ref 3]
  - Neoclassical
  - Romanticism
- pottery [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
- practice and profession [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
- restoration and conservation [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
- sculpture
- status
- theatre [Ref 1]; [Ref 2] passim to [Ref 3]
  - prologue and epilogue
  - staging and stage design [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
- typographic design
commerce, industry, and mining
- chambers of commerce [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]
- European Community
- industrial urbanization
- international trade [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
  - Argentina [Ref 1], [Ref 2]
  - imperial preference use
  - protectionism
- manufacturing and production
  - automobiles [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
  - beer
  - clothing and footwear
  - floor coverings
  - paper
  - salt
  - synthetic dyes
  - textiles [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]
- mining
- public enterprise
- work organization [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
communications
- book publishing
- broadcasting
- magazine publishing [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
- newspapers [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
- postal system [Ref 1], [Ref 2]
customs and traditions
- bank holidays
- dress and adornment [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]
- gastronomic preferences
- national anthem's popularity
- pages
- public houses
- restaurant variety
- scone origin
- "The Complete Peerage"
economy, finance, and currency
- banks and banking [Ref 1]; [Ref 2] passim to [Ref 3]
- economic practice and theory
- government finance [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
  - fiscal and monetary policy
  - inheritance and succession laws
- labour economics [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
- market policy
  - gold standard [Ref 1], [Ref 2]
  - money
  - securities stock exchanges
  - sterling area
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- pound sterling
- productivity
- Rothschild family's influence
- taxation [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
education
- modern systems [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]
  - adult education
  - college systems
  - colonial Africa
  - colonial Middle East
  - degree programs
  - free school
  - grammar school
  - higher education
  - kindergarten
  - legal [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
  - libraries [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
  - medical
  - preschool
  - ragged school
  - secondary
- monitorial method
- national bibliography
- schools
  - comprehensive
  - preparatory
- social aspects
  - coeducation
  - teachers' status
- training requirements for teachers
flags
government
- administration
- cabinet government
- constitution [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]
- diplomacy
- electoral process
  - Australian ballot
  - caucus
  - special-interest groups
  - suffrage [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]; [Ref 3]
  - two-party system [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]
- foreign service
- intelligence operations
- passport
- political philosophy
  - conservatism [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]
  - liberalism
  - radical
  - socialism [Ref 1]; [Ref 2] passim to [Ref 3]
- prime minister
- prince
- public administration and civil service [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]; [Ref 3] passim to [Ref 4]
- public relations
- structure
health and welfare
- breast-feeding
- dentistry [Ref 1], [Ref 2]
- insurance [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
  - social insurance
- medicine
  - clinical delivery systems [Ref 1], [Ref 2]
  - drug regulation
  - general health care
  - hospice movement
  - hospital control and finance
  - osteopathy
- services
  - public health development [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
  - refuse disposal
history
- age of European monarchy
- balance of power theory
- Christian Socialism movement
- Cold War [Ref 1]; [Ref 2] passim to [Ref 3]
  - Berlin blockade and airlift
  - Truman Doctrine
- colonial empire and protectorates: see British Empire [Cross ref]
- conflicts
  - Alabama claims
  - Anglo-Afghan Wars [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]
  - Austrian Succession War
  - Bering Sea Dispute
  - Channel Islands
  - colonial and imperial conflicts: see British Empire [Cross ref]
  - Crimean War [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]; [Ref 3]
  - Easter Rising
  - Ethiopia [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]
  - Falkland Islands [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]
  - First Coalition
  - French revolutionary and Napoleonic wars
  - Iran-Iraq War
  - Irish Republican Army
  - King William's War
  - Lundy's Lane Battle
  - Mexico
  - Moroccan crises
  - Paraguay
  - Peninsular War
  - Russia [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
  - Seven Years' War
  - Spanish Marriages Affair
  - Suez Crisis [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]
  - Trafalgar
  - Trent Affair
  - Venezuelan boundary dispute
  - viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
- economic affairs
  - Bodø Affair
  - Canton system
  - Continental System
  - post-World War II
  - Shanghai's development
  - smuggling
  - South Sea Bubble
  - Suez Canal Company's holdings
- enclosure
- end of feudalism
- Great Depression
- historical scholarship
- Industrial Revolution [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]; [Ref 3]
  - effect on 18th-century Europe
  - technological advances
- international relations
  - Arabia [Ref 1], [Ref 2]
  - Austria [Ref 1], [Ref 2], [Ref 3]
  - Austria-Hungary [Ref 1], [Ref 2]
  - Bahrain [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]
  - Belgium
  - Brunei
  - Bulgaria [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
  - China
  - Colombo Plan
  - Georgia
  - Germany [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
  - Greece [Ref 1], [Ref 2]
  - Iceland
  - Iran
  - Iraq [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]; [Ref 3], [Ref 4]
  - Ireland
  - Islamic world [Ref 1], [Ref 2]
  - Israel and Palestine [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]; [Ref 3]
  - Japan [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]
  - Jordan
  - League of Nations [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
  - Libya
  - Madagascar
  - Netherlands
  - Oman [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]
  - Ottoman Empire and Turkey [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
  - Poland
  - pre-World War I Europe
  - Romania
  - Saudi Arabia
  - Sikhism
  - South Pacific Commission
  - Spain [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
  - sphere of influence
  - Sweden [Ref 1], [Ref 2]
  - Syria
  - Tibet
  - Umm al-Qaywayn
  - United Arab Emirates
  - United Nations [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]
  - United States [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2], [Ref 3]
  - Yemen (San'a`)
- Kruger Telegram
- 19th-century Europe
- occupation of
  - Jerusalem
  - Palestine [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
  - Sulawesi Tenggara
- police systems [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
- policy toward
  - African slave trade
  - American Indian land
- post-World War II economic recovery
- racism
- Revolutions of 1848
- 17th- and 18th-century aristocracy [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
- Thailand [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
- trade relations with
  - China
  - Indonesia
- treaties and alliances
  - Act of Union (1707)
  - Act of Union (1801)
  - Algeciras Conference
  - Amiens Treaty
  - Ankara Treaty reaction
  - Antarctic Treaty [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]
  - Berlin Congress
  - Berlin West Africa Conference
  - Campo Formio Treaty
  - Canak Treaty
  - Central Treaty Organization
  - Dumbarton Oaks Conference
  - Entente Cordiale
  - Geneva Accords
  - Ghent Treaty
  - Hunkar Iskelesi Treaty
  - Laibach Congress
  - Lausanne Treaty
  - Locarno Pact
  - London Naval Conference
  - Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Treaty
  - Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty
  - Paris Peace Conference
  - Peace of Paris (1783)
  - Quadruple Alliance of 1718
  - Quadruple Alliance of 1813
  - Quadruple Alliance of 1834
  - Schönbrunn Treaty
  - Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
  - Strangford Treaty
  - Tilsit Treaties
  - Treaty of Paris (1763)
  - Versailles Treaty [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]
  - Vienna Congress
- World War I [Ref 1]; [Ref 2] passim to [Ref 3]; [Ref 4] passim to [Ref 5]
  - air warfare
  - German blockade
  - navicert system
  - Sykes-Picot Agreement
- World War II [Ref 1]; [Ref 2] passim to [Ref 3]; [Ref 4] passim to [Ref 5]
  - air warfare
  - Battle of the Atlantic
  - Casablanca Conference
  - Czechoslovakia recognition
  - Deception Island claim
  - fascist movement
  - Hitler
  - Munich Agreement
  - Oder-Neisse Line
  - operations research
  - Pacific Ocean command
  - Potsdam Conference
  - Quebec Conferences
  - Russo-Finnish War
  - strategic planning
  - Tehran Conference
  - Tobruk
  - Yalta Conference
- for an outline of the history of the United Kingdom see PROPAEDIA: aections 912; 921; 923; 961; 963; 971; 972
labour and management
- apprenticeship system
- child labour
- closed shops
- general strike
- hours of labour
- migrant labour
- trade unions [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]
language: see English language [Cross ref]
law: see English law [Cross ref]
literature: see English literature [Cross ref]
military affairs
- brigadier general
- conscription
- development of
  - cast-iron cannon
  - depth charges
  - global logistics
  - intelligence-gathering
  - nuclear weapons [Ref 1], [Ref 2]
  - Polaris missile
  - radar
  - strategic weapons systems
  - tanks
- military police
- neutral convoy policy
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- quartermaster
- training
- Western European Union
philosophy
- Empiricism: see British Empiricism [Cross ref]
- ethics
physical geography
- Allerød period glacial retreat
- features
- karst landscape
- national parks
- Ordovician Period rocks
population and demography
- characteristics
  - blood group antigens
  - genealogy registration
- immigration [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]
- mortality rate comparisons
religion
- Bible revisions [Ref 1], [Ref 2]
- Catholic Emancipation
- ecumenism
- Protestantism [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
  - Baptists
  - Congregationalism
  - Unitarianism [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]
- rescue missions
- tithe rent charges
science and technology
- coinage
- construction
  - canals [Ref 1]; [Ref 2]
  - expressways
  - railroad tunnels
  - roads and highways
- developments in
  - aerospace industry [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]; [Ref 3]
  - air-cushion machines
  - cartography
  - geographic studies
  - machine tools
  - polyethylene
  - typography
- government laboratories
- metallurgy
- nuclear-fuel reprocessing
- space exploration
- systems of weights and measures
social issues
- alcohol consumption
- animal rights
- birth control
- obscenity
- old age
- opium traffic
- organized crime
- prison population
- prostitution
- slavery [Ref 1], [Ref 2]
- social service
- urbanization
sports and recreation
- association croquet
- association football
- bingo
- boxing
- camping
- circus [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
- Cribbage
- cricket
- darts
- dog racing
- dog shows
- gambling
- golf [Ref 1] passim to [Ref 2]
- horse racing
- ice skating
- lacrosse
- lottery
- point-to-point race
- polo
- rackets
- rodeo
- rugby
- skittles
- swimming
- tennis
- yacht racing
transportation
- air-cushion machine
- coach introduction
- railroads [Ref 1], [Ref 2], [Ref 3]
- roads and highways
- steam land transportation
- steamboats
- tramway system
see also Britain [Cross ref]; Channel Islands [Cross ref]; England [Cross ref]; Hebrides [Cross ref]; Ireland [Cross ref]; Man, Isle of [Cross ref]; Northern Ireland [Cross ref]; Scotland [Cross ref]; Shetland Islands [Cross ref]; Wales [Cross ref]; Wight, Isle of [Cross ref]; and counties, cities, physical features, significant persons, and historical events by name