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Afghanistan

Table of Contents

Bibliography

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Physical and human geography:

Overviews are provided by RICHARD F. NYROP and DONALD M. SEEKINS, Afghanistan: A Country Study, 5th ed. (1986); LOUIS DUPREE, Afghanistan (1973, reprinted 1980); LUDWIG W. ADAMEC (ed.), Historical and Political Gazetteer of Afghanistan, 6 vol. (1972-85); and ARNOLD FLETCHER, Afghanistan: Highway of Conquest (1965, reprinted 1982). JOHANNES HUMLUM, La Géographie de l'Afghanistan: etude d'un pays aride (1959), is a comprehensive geography. The first four chapters of W. BARTHOLD, An Historical Geography of Iran (1984; originally published in Russian, 1971), discuss Afghan regions. Also useful is General Atlas of Afghanistan (1973?). MOUNTSTUART ELPHINSTONE, An Account of the Kingdom of Caubul, and Its Dependencies in Persia, Tartary, and India (1815, reprinted 1969), is the first detailed account of Afghanistan by an English observer. Photographs of the country are provided in ROLAND MICHAUD and SABRINA MICHAUD, Afghanistan (1980; originally published in French, 1980); and CAMILLE MIREPOIX (STEGMULLER), Afghanistan in Pictures (1971). Additional sources of information may be found in KEITH McLACHLAN and WILLIAM WHITTAKER, A Bibliography of Afghanistan (1983); and M. JAMIL HANIFI, Annotated Bibliography of Afghanistan, 4th ed. rev. (1982).

Ethnographic studies include RICHARD TAPPER (ed.), The Conflict of Tribe and State in Iran and Afghanistan (1983); THOMAS J. BARFIELD, The Central Asian Arabs of Afghanistan: Pastoral Nomadism in Transition (1981); M. NAZIF MOHIB SHAHRANI, The Kirghiz and Wakhi of Afghanistan: Adaptation to Closed Frontiers (1979); DONALD NEWTON WILBER et al., Afghanistan: Its People, Its Society, Its Culture (1962); and OLAF CAROE, The Pathans, 550 B.C.-A.D. 1957 (1958, reprinted 1983).

Administrative and social policies are the subject of ANTHONY ARNOLD, Afghanistan's Two-Party Communism: Parcham and Kalq (1983); BEVERLEY MALE, Revolutionary Afghanistan: A Reappraisal (1982); and RONALD W. O'CONNOR, Managing Health Systems in Developing Areas: Experiences from Afghanistan (1980), a study of the country's health problems and traditional health systems. MAXWELL J. FRY, The Afghan Economy: Money, Finance, and the Critical Constraints to Economic Development (1974), is still valuable.

Afghanistan's archaeological discoveries are recounted in VIKTOR SARIANIDI, The Golden Hoard of Bactria: From the Tillya-tepe Excavations in Northern Afghanistan (1985), a lavishly illustrated account of grave goods excavated from an early Kushan princedom cemetery; JEANNINE AUBOYER, The Art of Afghanistan (1968; originally published in French, 1968); and BENJAMIN ROWLAND, JR., Ancient Art from Afghanistan: Treasures of the Kabul Museum (1966, reprinted 1976). Traditional culture is explored in MARK SLOBIN, Music in the Culture of Northern Afghanistan (1976); HIROMI LORRAINE SAKATA, Music in the Mind: The Concepts of Music and Musician in Afghanistan (1983); and STANLEY IRA HALLET and RAFI SAMIZAY, Traditional Architecture of Afghanistan (1980).

History:

F.R. ALLCHIN and NORMAN HAMMOND (eds.), The Archaeology of Afghanistan from Earliest Times to the Timurid Period (1978), is an excellent series of essays on all major archaeological periods. See also LOUIS DUPREE et al., Prehistoric Research in Afghanistan (1959-1966) (1972). W.W. TARN, The Greeks in Bactria & India, 3rd ed. updated by FRANK LEE HOLT (1985); and A.K. NARAIN, The Indo-Greeks (1957, reissued 1980), are discussions of the aftermath of Alexander's campaigns in the East. ABDUR REHMAN, The Last Two Dynasties of the Shahis: An Analysis of Their History, Archaeology, Coinage, and Palaeography (1979), is a discussion of the neglected historic period of the Hindu Shahi. Particularly recommended for the early Muslim period are the seminal works of CLIFFORD EDMUND BOSWORTH, Sistan Under the Arabs, from the Islamic Conquest to the Rise of the Saffarids (30-250/651-864) (1968), The Ghaznavids: Their Empire in Afghanistan and Eastern Iran, 994:1040, 2nd ed. (1973), and The Later Ghaznavids: Splendour and Decay: The Dynasty in Afghanistan and Northern India 1040-1186 (1977). LAURENCE LOCKHART, The Fall of the Safavi Dynasty and the Afghan Occupation of Persia (1958), is also germane. See also V. MINORSKY (trans.), Hudud al-'Alam: "The Regions of the World": A Persian Geography, 377 A.H.-982 A.D., trans. from Persian (1937, reprinted 1980).

For modern Afghanistan, HASAN KAWUN KAKAR, Government and Society in Afghanistan: The Reign of Amir 'Abd al-Rahman Khan (1979), is an excellent study of the late 19th century. LUDWIG W. ADAMEC, Afghanistan, 1900-1923: A Diplomatic History (1967), and Afghanistan's Foreign Affairs to the Mid-Twentieth Century: Relations with the USSR, Germany, and Britain (1974), are well-documented accounts of 20th-century diplomatic history. See also MAY SCHINASI, Afghanistan at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century: Nationalism and Journalism in Afghanistan: A Study of Seraj ul-Akhbar (1911-1918) (1979); LEON B. POULLADA, Reform and Rebellion in Afghanistan, 1919-1929: King Amanullah's Failure to Modernize a Tribal Society (1973); RHEA TALLEY STEWART, Fire in Afghanistan, 1914-1929: Faith, Hope and the British Empire (1973); VARTAN GREGORIAN, The Emergence of Modern Afghanistan: Politics of Reform and Modernization, 1880-1946 (1969); and LOUIS DUPREE and LINETTE ALBERT (eds.), Afghanistan in the 1970s (1974).

Accounts and analyses of the history of Afghanistan since 1978 include J. BRUCE AMSTUTZ, Afghanistan: The First Five Years of Soviet Occupation (1986); HENRY S. BRADSHER, Afghanistan and the Soviet Union, new and expanded ed. (1985); JOSEPH J. COLLINS, The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan: A Study in the Use of Force in Soviet Foreign Policy (1986); EDWARD GIRARDET, Afghanistan: The Soviet War (1985); THOMAS T. HAMMOND, Red Flag over Afghanistan: The Communist Coup, the Soviet Invasion, and the Consequences (1984); ANTHONY HYMAN, Afghanistan Under Soviet Domination, 1964-83 (1984); RALPH H. MAGNUS (ed.), Afghan Alternatives: Issues, Options, and Policies (1985); HAFEEZ MALIK (ed.), Soviet-American Relations with Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan (1986); OLIVIER ROY, Islam and Resistance in Afghanistan (1986; originally published in French, 1985); and M. NAZIF SHAHRANI and ROBERT L. CANFIELD (eds.), Revolutions & Rebellions in Afghanistan: Anthropological Perspectives (1984). For the Soviet viewpoint, see Afghanistan: Past and Present, trans. from Russian (1981), published by the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences.

(V.P.P./ L.Du./N.H.D.)

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