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Caricature, Cartoon, and Comic Strip

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The comics industry.

The newspaper strip and comic book have become arguably the largest and most influential iconographic field in history, with literally millions of pictures produced since 1900. They certainly represent the dominant graphic mythology of the 20th century. Not even the film or television can boast of reaching a third of humanity, as can the comic strip. More than 100,000,000 Americans, young and old, educated and not, read one or more comic strips in their Sunday and daily newspapers. In 1963 there were more than 300 different strips in the United States. "Blondie" is syndicated in about 1,200 newspapers all over the world, "Peanuts" in about 1,000; "Pogo" reached and "Dick Tracy" reaches more than 50,000,000 readers in more than 500 newspapers. Superman comics circulated in the 1950s at the rate of 1,500,000 monthly; in 1943 U.S. comic books totalled 18,000,000 monthly copies, constituting a third of total magazine sales, to a value of $72,000,000.

Not surprisingly, reader participation has reached extraordinary heights; readers truly laugh and suffer with their favourite characters. Young received 400,000 suggestions for a name for Blondie's new baby.

Perhaps in no other form of art has the creator become to such an extent prisoner of his creation, to which he may be locked for his lifetime and which becomes in a real sense independent of his own existence, for the successful strip will almost always be continued by other artists if the original creator should die or lose interest in it. Traditionally, the newspaper strip is also in fief to the syndicates, publishers, and editors who regard it primarily as a circulation booster. The conventional view has been that it must not offend any conceivable readership or commercial-interest group and therefore must observe strict, conservative codes of morality and decorum. This explains the extent to which the newspaper strip generally has avoided controversial issues of the day. It was against such restrictions that the American underground comic and the European bande dessinée pour adultes ("adult strip") struck out, and in their wake some innovative newspaper strips, notably G.B. Trudeau's "Doonesbury," began to break new ground. ( D.M.Ke.)

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