Research
Exercise
causes an increase in the generation of free radicals by
cells (Davies et al.
1982). We showed these radicals to cause cellular damage only when
exercise is exhaustive (Sastre et
al. 1992). Strenous
exercise causes oxidation of glutathione, release of
cytosolic enzymes (Sastre et
al. 1992), and other signs of cell damage (Jackson,
1987). This is prevented by antioxidant administration (Sastre
et al. 1992).
We
have recently reported that allopurinol protects against
cell damage caused by exhaustive exercise both in humans
(Gomez-Cabrera et al.
2003) and in experimental animals (Viña et al. 2000) thus highlighting the role of xanthine oxidase (XO) in
free radical generation during exercise.
However,
free radicals not only cause damage but have a role in cell
signalling (Reid et
al. 1992; Jackson, 1999; Murrant
&
Reid,
2001). Moreover, the redox-sensitive transcription factor
NF-κB is activated in exercise both in humans (Vider et
al. 2001) and in animals (Hollander et
al. 2001), leading to increased expression of superoxide
dismutase (SOD), an enzyme involved in antioxidant defence (Ji
et al. 2004).
Selected
Publications
1.-
Sastre, J., Asensi, M., Gascó, E., Ferrero, J.A., Furukawa,
T., Viña, J. (1992)
Exhaustive physical exercise causes oxidation of glutathione
status in blood. Prevention
by antioxidant administration. American Journal of
Physiology 263, R992 - R995.
2.-
Viña, J., Sastre, J., Asensi, M., Packer, L. (1995) Assay
of blood glutathione oxidation during physical exercise
Methods in Enzymology Vol.
251, Cap. 21, 237 – 243.
3.-
Viña, J., Servera, E., Asensi, M., Sastre, J., Pallardó,
F.V., Ferrero, J.A., García de la Asunción, J., Antón,
V., Marín, J. (1996) Exercise causes blood glutathione
oxidation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Prevention by oxygen therapy. Journal of Applied
Physiology 81
(5), 2199 - 2202.
4.-
Heunks, L.M., Vina, J., van Herwaarden, C.L., Folgering, H.T.,
Gimeno, A., Dekhuijzen, P.N. (1999) Xanthine oxidase is
involved in exercise-induced oxidative stress in chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease
Am J Physiol 277, R 1697 – 1704.
5.-
Viña,J., Gimeno, A., Sastre, J., Desco, C., Asensi, M.,
Pallardó, F.V., Cuesta, A., Ferrero, J.A, Terada, L.S.,
Repine, J.E. (2000)
Mechanism of Free Radical Production in Exhaustive
Exercise in Humans and Rats; Role of Xanthine Oxidase and
Protection by Allopurinol
IUBMB Life Vol.
49, Issue 6, 539 – 544.
6.-
Gómez-Cabrera MC, Gimeno A,
Lloret A,
Miñana JB, Márquez
R and Viña J (2000) Deporte
de alta competición y daño oxidativo: papel de los
nutrientes antioxidantes. Antioxidantes y Calidad de vida.
4-10
7.-
Viña, J., Servera, E., Asensi, M., Sastre, J., Pallardó,
F.V., Gimeno, A., Heunks, L., Dekhuijzen, P.N.R., Ferrero,
J.A. (2000) Exercise induces oxidative stress in healthy
subjects and in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
patients In:
Handbook of Oxidants and Antioxidants in Exercise
Elsevier Science B.V. (Edited by: C.K. Sen, L. Packer
and O. Hänninen) Part
XI, chapter 39, 1137 – 1146
8.-
Viña J, Gómez-Cabrera
MC, Lloret A, Márquez
R, Miñana
JB, Pallardó FV
and Sastre J
(2000) Free Radicals in Exhaustive Physical Exercise:
Mechanism of Production, and Protection by antioxidants.
IUBMB Life. 271-277
9.-
Desco MC, Asensi M, Marquez R, Martinez-Valls J, Vento M,
Pallardo FV, Sastre J, Vina J. (2002) Xanthine oxidase is
involved in free radical production in type 1 diabetes:
protection by allopurinol. Diabetes 51(4):1118-24.
10.-
Gómez-Cabrera MC
and Viña J (2003). Ejercicio Físico,
entrenamiento y estrés oxidativo. Importancia de los
nutrientes antioxidantes. Alimentación Nutrición y Salud.
10 : 71-81.
11.-
Gómez-Cabrera MC, García-del-Moral L, Pallardó FV, Sastre
J and Vina J (2003) Allopurinol and markers of muscle damage
among participants in the Tour de France. JAMA 289 .
Accepted for publication.
12.-
Ji LL, Gómez-Cabrera
MC, Steinhafel
N and Viña J (2004) Acute
Exercise Activates Nuclear Factor (NF) kB
Signaling Pathway in Rat Skeletal Muscle. FASEB JOURNAL.
In Press.
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