This project, in its human component, analyses how difficulties in emotional regulation are associated with the risk of problematic opioid and alcohol use in patients with chronic pain, also considering the role of anxiety, depression and decision-making. It builds on previous findings from the team showing a strong relationship between negative emotionality and aberrant opioid use, and raises the need to identify psychological risk and protective factors in this population. To this end, a sample of 150 chronic pain patients from hospitals in the province of Valencia will be studied, assessing emotional regulation, affective symptomatology, resilience, coping strategies, substance use patterns and decision-making variables, with particular attention to gender differences. From an applied perspective, the project seeks to generate evidence to enable the design of more effective and gender-sensitive preventive and therapeutic interventions, aimed both at improving emotional well-being and reducing the risk of problematic opioid use and compulsive alcohol consumption in people with chronic pain.