RISK
FACTORS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SINGLE OR MULTIPLE PRIMARY MELANOMAS |
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Phenotypic
predisposition
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Atypical mole/dysplastic
nevus pattern
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Increased mole
count (particularly large nevi)
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Sun-phenotype/tendency
to sunburn
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Red hair-blue eyes/Fitzpatrick
skin type I/pheomelanin predominant phenotype
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Personal medical history/comorbidities
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Multiple and/or
blistering sunburns
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Precancer/cancers,
especially:
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Immunosuppression/immune
perturbation related to:
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Solid organ
transplantation
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Hematopoietic
cell transplantation (HCT)
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Human
immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)
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Rare
genodermatoses
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Genetic predisposition
- Presence of germline mutations or polymorphisms predisposing
to melanoma (including CDKN2a, CDK4, MC1R, BAP1, and potentially
other genes).
- Family history of cutaneous melanoma (especially if multiple),
pancreatic cancer, astrocytoma, uveal melanoma, and/or
mesothelioma.
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Environmental factors
- Tanning bed use
- Residence in sunnier climate/latitude nearer to equator
- Intermittent, intense sun exposure (for truncal/extremity
melanomas, often observed with associated increased nevus count)
- Chronic sun exposure (for head/neck/arm melanomas, often
associated with lower nevus count)
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