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SAGE PUBLICATIONS

Philosophical Foundations of Social Research Methods Williams, Malcolm (Editor) Sage Publications Ltd （2005/12） 4-Volume Set. Sage Benchmarks in Social Research Methods Hardcover ISBN： 9781412903820 DDC: 300.72, Source： ENG Place of Publication： Great Britain

VOLUME 3 PART THREE: INDIVIDUALS, WHOLES AND UNITS OF ANALYSIS Methodological Individualism 301 (6) George C. Homans Behind Methodological Individualism 307 (22) Geoff Hodgson Ten Modes of Individualism --- None of 329 (22) Which Works ---- and Their Alternatives Mario Bunge Institutional Individualism and 351 (26) Institutional Change: The Search for a Middle Way Mode of Explanation Fernando Toboso Turning the Tables: How Case-Oriented 377 (18) Research Challenges Variable-Oriented Research Charles C. Ragin Current Issues in Comparative 395 (30) Macrosociology: A Debate on Methodological Issues John H. Goldthorpe Part/Whole Morphology: Unifying Single Case 425 and Comparative Methods Thomas J. Scheff

VOLUMES 1, 2, 3 and 4 TABLE OF CONTENT VOLUME 1 Appendix of Sources xiii Editor's Introduction xxi Malcolm Williams VOLUME 1 PART ONE: THE SCIENTIFIC AND ARTISTIC CHARACTER OF SOCIAL RESEARCH The Art of Social Science 3 (16) Robert Redfield Art in Science? 19 (36) Elliot Eisner Kimberly Powell Roscher's ``Historical Method'' 55 (6) Max Weber The Perestroikan Challenge to Social Science 61 (26) David D. Laitin Beyond Paradigm: Resisting the Assimilation 87 (20) of Phronetic Social Science Sanford F. Schram Is It a Science? 107 (14) Sidney Morgenbesser Unity of Method in the Natural and Social 121 (12) Sciences Karl R. Popper VOLUME 1 PART TWO: POSITIVISM AND ANTI-POSITIVISM Two Traditions 133 (6) G. H. von Wright Contemporary Positivism in Sociology 139 (16) George A. Lundberg Methodology in the Social Sciences: The 155 (28) Positivist Debate Robert Holub Positivism Reconsidered 183 (18) Christopher G. A. Bryant Interpretive Interactionism 201 (20) Norman K. Denzin The Basic Belief Systems of the 221 (22) Conventional and Constructivist Paradigms Egon C. Guba Yvonna S. Lincoln On Demonstration 243 (28) Andrew Tudor Positivism, Naturalism, and Anti-Naturalism 271 (16) in the Social Sciences Russell Keat The Qualitative-Quantitative Debate: Moving 287 (18) from Positivism and Confrontation to Post-Positivism and Reconciliation Alexander M. Clark Quantitative and Qualitative Research 305 Strategies in Knowing the Social World Alan Bryman VOLUME 2 PART ONE: CAUSALITY, EXPLANATION AND LAWS Axioms of Causation 3 (10) Robert M. Maclver Laws of Nature and Causality 13 (24) R. B. Braithwaite Causal Inferences in Nonexperimental 37 (14) Research Hubert M. Blalock, Jr. Causation, Statistics, and Sociology 51 (34) John H. Goldthorpe To Justify or Explain in History or Social 85 (14) Science? Edward H. Madden Prediction in Sociology: Prospects for a 99 (10) Devalued Activity Alan Aldridge The Quest for Universals in Sociological 109 (14) Research Ralph H. Turner Is the Case for Social Science Laws 123 (30) Strengthening? Clive Beed Cara Beed VOLUME 2 PART TWO: REPRESENTATION THEORIES AND MODELS Operational Definitions Operationally 153 (12) Defined Stuart C. Dodd Some Notes on Operationism and the Concept 165 (14) of Validity Bo Anderson Theory, Measurement, and Replication in the 179 (10) Social Sciences H. M. Blalock, Jr. On Being `Empirical' Without Being 189 (28) `Empiricist' Ray Pawson Functionalism and the Survey: The Relation 217 (36) of Theory and Method Jennifer Platt Theoretical Models: Sociology's Missing 253 (18) Links John Skvoretz VOLUME 2 PART THREE: INTERPRETATION, LANGUAGE AND MEANING Limitations of Statistics 271 (10) William F. Ogburn The Methods of Ethnology and Social 281 (26) Anthropology A. R. Radcliffe-Brown Understanding and the Human Studies 307 (18) H. P. Rickman ``From the Native's Point of View'': On the 325 (16) Nature of Anthropological Understanding Clifford Geertz Interpretive Social Science and the 341 (38) ``Native's Point of View'': A Closer Look Todd Jones The Meaning of ``Meaningful Behavior'' 379 (8) Martin Bunzl Language in Social Science 387 Keith Webb VOLUME 3 PART ONE: REALISM AND ANTI-REALISM Observations on Positivism and 3 (14) Pseudoscience in Qualitative Nursing Research Martin Johnson Realist Philosophy of Science 17 (20) Russell Keat John Urry Middle--Range Theory: A Realist View 37 (22) Ken Menzies Middle--Range Realism 59 (44) Ray Pawson Realist Philosophy of the Social Sciences 103 (14) and Economics: A Critique Patrick Baert Social Constructionism as Ontology: 117 (14) Exposition and Example David J. Nightingale John Cromby Making Up People 131 (16) Ian Hacking Research as Emancipatory: The Case of 147 (20) Bhaskar's Critical Realism Martyn Hammersley VOLUME 3 PART TWO: OBJECTIVITY, COMMITMENT AND THE POLITICS OF SOCIAL ENQUIRY Whose Side Are We On? 167 (14) Howard S. Becker Anti-Minotaur: The Myth of a Value-Free 181 (20) Sociology Alvin W. Gouldner Situated Objectivity 201 (26) Malcolm Williams The Value-Oriented Bias of Social Inquiry 227 (20) Ernest Nagel The Institutionalization of Social Inquiry 247 (18) John Barnes Reflexivity and Ethnographic Research 265 (18) Charlotte Aull Davies Reflexivity and Sociological Practice 283 (18) Tim May VOLUME 3 PART THREE: INDIVIDUALS, WHOLES AND UNITS OF ANALYSIS Methodological Individualism 301 (6) George C. Homans Behind Methodological Individualism 307 (22) Geoff Hodgson Ten Modes of Individualism --- None of 329 (22) Which Works ---- and Their Alternatives Mario Bunge Institutional Individualism and 351 (26) Institutional Change: The Search for a Middle Way Mode of Explanation Fernando Toboso Turning the Tables: How Case-Oriented 377 (18) Research Challenges Variable-Oriented Research Charles C. Ragin Current Issues in Comparative 395 (30) Macrosociology: A Debate on Methodological Issues John H. Goldthorpe Part/Whole Morphology: Unifying Single Case 425 and Comparative Methods Thomas J. Scheff VOLUME 4 PART ONE: PROBABILITY, COMPLEXITY AND NEURAL NETWORKS Theories About Probability 3 (14) Ian Hacking The Propensities of Evolving Systems 17 (20) Robert E. Ulanowic The Nature of Measurement: What We Measure 37 (20) and How We Measure David Byrne Complexity and the Quantitative Programme 57 (20) in Social Science David Byrne Comments on Neural Networks 77 (28) Haejung Paik Time-Series Analysis with Neural Networks 105 (22) and ARIMA-Neural Network Hybrids James V. Hansen Ray D. Nelson VOLUME 4 PART TWO: FEMINISM AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Is There a Feminist Method? 127 (18) Sandra Harding Sexism in Research 145 (14) Margrit Eichler Quoting and Counting: The 159 (28) Qualitative/Quantitative Divide Gayle Letherby Gender, Methodology and People's Ways of 187 (28) Knowing: Some Problems With Feminism and The Paradigm Debate in Social Science Ann Oakley Feminism and Epistemology: What Kind of 215 (22) Successor Science? John Holmwood VOLUME 4 PART THREE: METHODOLOGICAL PLURALISM Introduction to Mixed Method and Mixed 237 (22) Model Studies in the Social and Behavioral Sciences Abbas Tashakkori Charles Teddlie Triangulation Revisited: Strategy of 259 (26) Validation or Alternative? Uwe Flick On the Integration of the Social Sciences 285 (10) Frank Heller The Rashomon Effect: Combining Positivist 295 (42) and Interpretivist Approaches in the Analysis of Contested Events Wendy D. Roth Jal D. Mehta Methodological Triangulation in Nursing 337 (20) Research Mark Risjord Margaret Moloney Sandra Dunbar What is Real and What is Realism in 357 (26) Sociology? Roy Nash Editor's Conclusion: Contingency, Reality and 383 Plurality in Social Research Malcolm Williams