Artificial Intelligence (IA in Spanish) applied to police and judicial criminal investigation generates as many possibilities as questions. The verification of false reports, the recognition of wanted or missing people, the investigation of child pornography crimes, the early detection of terrorist radicalisation processes in social environments... The possible or foreseeable uses are wide-ranging.

However, they raise significant questions: How does AI work in this context? How can we ensure that slant does not lead to discriminatory actions? Under what conditions is the use of these tools legitimate? What are the conditions for guaranteeing fundamental rights?

Technological progress is accompanied in this case by legal progress. Although belatedly, Organic Law 7/2021, of 26 May, on the protection of personal data processed for the purposes of prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of criminal offences and the implementation of criminal penalties, disciplines the conditions of data processing. On the other hand, the proposal for a Regulation on Artificial Intelligence pays particular attention to this type of systems, considering them as high-risk. If it succeeds in its current drafting, the regulation will imply a significant model for guaranteeing fundamental rights.

La CafeterIA will address these issues from the police and judicial perspective and from the point of view of guaranteeing fundamental rights. The conditions of use of this technology, the traceability of these uses, reliability and robustness are essential challenges. The guarantee of the rights of people under investigation is a fundamental issue, not only from the standpoint of individual rights, but also from the point of view of the shaping of state action in a democratic society.

To try to answer these questions, in this session we will have coffee with:

RELEVANT DOCUMENTS FOR THIS SESSION

• Llei orgànica 7/2021, de 26 de maig, de protecció de dades personals tractats per a fins de prevenció, detecció, investigació i enjudiciament d'infraccions penals i d'execució de sancions penals.
• Proposal for a Regulation laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence.
• Documentació complementària.

CONVERSATION

Session held on 19 July 2021

REVIEW OF THE PARTICIPANTS

Josefa Ridaura Martínez. Full University Professor of Constitutional Law at the Faculty of Law of the Universitat de València.  Lead Researcher in the R&D Project funded by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities “Public security, private security and fundamental rights” (Ref. RTI2018-098405-B-100). She has dedicated a research line to security with works such as “Seguridad privada y derechos fundamentales: la nueva Ley 5/2014, de 4 de abril, de Seguridad Privada”, “La seguridad ciudadana como función del Estado” or “El legislador ausente del artículo 18.3 de la Constitución (la construcción pretoriana del derecho al secreto de las comunicaciones)”.

Leopoldo Salvador López Torres. Presiding Judge of the Court of First Instance and Preliminary Investigation No. 2 of Ronda. Co-director and speaker of the course “Law and Artificial Intelligence” of the Periodic Training Plan of the CGPJ (General Council of the Judiciary) in the 2020 and 2021 editions. He has dedicated publications to the study of “Artificial intelligence tools in the comparative legal field” and the “Police use of artificial intelligence systems in the comparative field”.

Alfonso Peralta Gutiérrez. Presiding Judge of the Court of First Instance and Preliminary Investigation No. 1 of Roquetas de Mar. Co-director and speaker of the course “Law and Artificial Intelligence” of the CGPJ's 2020 and 2021 Periodic Training Plan. His publications include “Herramientas de inteligencia artificial en el ámbito jurídico comparado”, “Uso policial de sistemas de inteligencia artificial en el ámbito comparado”, “Diálogos para el futuro judicial. VIII. Justicia Digital”, “Diálogos para el futuro judicial XXII. Jurimetría y Justicia predictiva”, “Juicio comparado de derechos en materia de desinformación, seguridad nacional y libertad de expresión”, “Incorporación de prueba penal obtenida en proceso judicial extranjero: casos EncroChat y Sky ECC”, telematic trials, access to subscriber data in criminal proceedings and European jurisprudence, and ramblings on the future of criminal law in 2050.

Miguel Fayos Mestre. Chief of the Spanish Civil Guard of the Judicial Police Headquarters, Head of the Technical Support Group of the Judicial Police Technical Unit (UTPJ-, criminal intelligence). Among other functions, he is responsible for security of Intpol processing and information exchange systems within the Spanish Civil Guard in the field of serious and organised crime, member of working groups of the Council of the EU, especially the drafting of the new Schengen Acquis and regulations on interoperability of European information systems. He also evaluates the regulatory compliance in Schengen and is speaker at courses related to artificial intelligence in the police field.

WHAT IS THE CAFETERIA?

In our CafeterIA we are looking for an adaptable online format for the dissemination of knowledge and scientific debate. These are its characteristics:

1. The CafeterIA is an online activity with an approximate duration of 45 minutes that we hold at coffee time, 4 p.m.
2. It will have a maximum of three speakers who will discuss an issue of interest to which they are professionally related from different points of view (research, business or administration).
3. Its ambition is to be a meeting place open to dialogue and interaction with the audience.