The frequency of revertants of a single deleterious nucleotide substitution (G1198A) was studied in viruses obtained from cells transfected with a cDNA clone (1).  Ducklings were inoculated with the recovered viruses and the wild-type at a 104:1 excess of mutants and, at 25 days post inoculation, the ratio of revertants to wild-type was obtained by molecular clone sequencing (revertants and the wild-type were distinguishable by a neutral molecular marker at another site).  This ratio was 0.6 and, correcting for the initial excess of mutants, the revertant frequency was fs = 6.0 ´ 10-5.  This fs value should equal the initial frequency of revertants in the inocula plus the frequency of new revertants appeared during replication of the mutant before the latter was outcompeted.  It was estimated that, at day 25, fs was 4- to 23-fold higher than the initial fs.  Hence, the initial fs ranged from 0.3 ´ 10-5 to 1.5 ´ 10-5.  Multiplying by three to get the mutation frequency to any of the three nucleotides and taking the geometric mean of the interval bounds, c ´ ms/n/c = 2.0 ´ 10-5.  Since the inoculum came directly from transfected cells, we can assume that the inoculated viruses had undergone a single cell infection cycle, and thus that ms/n/c = 2.0 ´ 10-5.  The methods used to obtain this estimate are indirect and thus the value should be taken with caution.

 

 

    1.    Pult, I., N. Abbott, Y. Y. Zhang, and J. Summers. 2001. Frequency of spontaneous mutations in an avian hepdnavirus infection. J. Virol. 75:9623-9632.