Depopulation in Spain dates, at least, from the s. XIX, to which we must add the intense rural exodus of the 60s and 70s of the 20th century. As a result there are areas with low population densities, aging, masculinization, etc. The consequences are known and depopulation has become part of the political agenda. Faced with the seriousness of the phenomenon, this treatment offers a triple aspect: i) analytical: providing rigorous analyses; ii) proactive: providing input to those in charge of public policies; iii) of transfer: through the dissemination and mobilization of local actors.