See witness list
Published by Jesús Tronch.
Departament de Filologia Anglesa i Alemanya, Universitat de ValènciaThis Versioning Machine project shows the first five lines of Hamlet’s “To be, or not to be” soliloquy (TLN 1710-1714) in different versions, both in English (from the three early substantive texts and from modern critical editions) and in translation into several languages.
DTD constructed from TEI P5.
Prose text in the translations by Moratín, Hugo, Wieland and Rusconi has been segmented so as to correspond to verse lines in the English texts.
This multi-textual edition offers readers interested in comparing interlingual and intralingual versions of Hamlet’s “To be, or not to be” soliloquy (its first five lines) the following texts for comparison:
- the First Quarto, Second Quarto, and First Folio texts,
- Spencer’s New Penguin edition; Mowat and Werstine’s Folger Digital Texts edition; Bevington’s four Internet Shakespeare Editions based on the Second Quarto, on the First Folio, his Editor’s Version (conflating these two early texts), and on the First Quarto;
- the historical translations into Spanish by Leandro Fernández de Moratín (1798) and by Guillermo Macpherson (in its four versions, 1873, 1879, 1882 and 1885), into German by Christoph Martin Wieland (1766) and by August Wilhelm Schlegel and Ludwig Tieck (1831), into Italian by Carlo Rusconi (1852) and by Giulio Carcano (1847), and into French by François-Victor Hugo (1865), and by François Guizot (1864).
This project stems out of my collaboration with the open-acces, multilingual collection of early modern European theatre (EMOTHE), that offers open-access editions of selected plays from sixteenth- and seventeenth-century English, Spanish, French and Italian theatre, together with translations into the other languages of the collection, to be read either individually or alongside each other on the screen (Oleza 2013).
It demonstrates how the critical apparatus tagset defined in the Guidelines of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI Consortium) can be used to encode interlingual variants between an original and its translation and how they can be displayed in parallel texts using Versioning Machine (Schreibman 2010) in its 5.0 release of January 2016.
I would appreciate comments and suggestions (addressed to tronch@uv.es).
Jesús Tronch
List of works cited
Oleza, Joan. "Exploring a Multilingual Digital Edition of Early Modern European Theater." Journal of Early Modern Cultural Studies 13.4 (2013): 152-154.
Schreibman, Susan. 2010. Versioning Machine v4.0. Maryland Institute for Technology in the Humanities. http://v-machine.org/index.php.
TEI Consortium. 2014. P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange. Version 2.7.0. Text Encoding Initiative Consortium. Last modified 14 September 2014. http://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5-doc/en/html/index.html.
List of witnesses
Bevington, David, ed. Hamlet. By William Shakespeare. Internet Shakespeare Editions. University of Victoria. http://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Library/Texts/Ham/.
Carcano, Giulio, trans. 1847. Amleto. Tragedia di Guglielmo Shakspeare. Milano.
[First Folio] Mr William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, and Tragedies. London, 1623. Facsimile: Hinman, C., ed. The First Folio of Shakespeare: The Norton Facsimile. New York: Norton and Company, Inc, 1968.
[First Quarto] The Tragicall Hi∫torie of Hamlet Prince Denmarke by William Shake-∫peare […] London Printed for N.L. and Iohn Trundell, 1603. Rpt. in Scolar Press Facsimiles, Menston: The Scolar Press Ltd. 1969. Rpt. in Michael J. B. Allen and Kenneth Muir, eds. Shakespeare's Plays in Quarto. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981. Digital facsimiles in The Shakespeare Quartos Archive, http://www.quartos.org
Guizot, François, trans. 1864. “Hamlet.” In Oeuvres complètes de Shakspeare, traduction de M. Guizot, nouvelle édition entièrement revue, 139-282. Paris: Didier.
Hugo, François-Victor, trans. 1865. “Le Second Hamlet.” In vol. 1 “Les deux Hamlet” of Ouvres complètes de Shakespeare, 201-388. 2nd ed. Paris: Pagnerre.
Macpherson, Guillermo, trans. 1873. Hámlet, príncipe de Dinamarca. Cádiz: Imprenta y Litografía de la Revista Médica de Federico Joly Velasco.
———, trans. 1879. Hámlet, príncipe de Dinamarca. Madrid: Imprenta de Fortanet.
———, trans. 1882. Hámlet, príncipe de Dinamarca. Biblioteca Universal (vol. 78). Madrid: Imprenta y Litografía de la “Biblioteca Universal.”
———, trans. 1885. “Hámlet, príncipe de Dinamarca.” In vol. 3 of Obras Dramáticas de Guillermo Shakespeare. Biblioteca Clásica. 8 vols. Madrid: Perlado, Páez y Cía. 1885-1897.
[Moratín (Leandro Fernández de Moratín)] Celenio, Inarco, trans. 1798. Hamlet.Tragedia de Guillermo Shakespeare. Traducida é ilustrada con la vida del autor y notas críticas por Inarco Celenio. Madrid: Villalpando.
Mowat, Barbara, and Paul Werstine, eds. 2013. The Tragedy of Hamlet. By William Shakespeare. Folger Digital Texts. Washington D.C.: Folger Shakespare Library. http://www.folgerdigitaltexts.org/
Rusconi, Carlo, trans. 1852. “Amleto, principe di Danimarca. Tragedia.” In vol. 2 of Teatro completo di William Shakespeare, voltato in prosa italiana da Carlo Rusconi, 7-96. 3rd ed. Torino: Cugini Pomba e comp. editori.
[Second Quarto] The Tragicall Hi∫torie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke. By William Shake∫peare. London: Printed by I. R. for N. L., 1604/1605. Rpt. in Scolar Press Facsimiles, Menston: The Scolar Press Ltd. 1972. Rpt. in Michael J. B. Allen and Kenneth Muir, eds. Shakespeare's Plays in Quarto. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981. Digital facsimiles in The Shakespeare Quartos Archive, http://www.quartos.org
Schlegel, Wilhelm, trans., and Ludwig Tieck, rev. 1831. “Hamlet, Prinz von Dänemark.” In vol. 6 of Shakspeare’s dramatische Werke. 9 vols. Berlin: Verlag G. Reimer.
Spencer, T. J. B., ed. 1980. Hamlet. By William Shakespeare. The New Penguin Shakespeare. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Wieland, Christoph Martin, trans. 1766. Shakespear theatralische Werke. Illustr. Salomon Gessner. Vol. 8. Zürich: Orell Gessner und Comp.