Arantza Gorostiaga holds a Degree in Economic Sciences (Specialty in Quantitative Economics) by the University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatatea.  Between 1994 and 1996 she completed a Master’s Degree in Economics and Finance at the CEMFI (Centre of Monetary and Finance Studies), where she obtained the Extraordinary Award. Between 1996 and 1999, she was a PhD research fellow at the CEMFI. She presented her doctoral thesis at the Complutense University of Madrid in October 1999.
She was a professor at the Carlos III University of Madrid between 1999 and 2000. In 2001, she joined the Department of Economic Analysis Foundations at the Unviersity of the Basque Country/ Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatatea.
Within the research field, she has published articles for ournal of Monetary Economics, Journal of Public Economic Theory, International Tax and Public Finance y Neurocomputing, among others. She has carried out research stays at Northwestern Universtity and Harvard University. Likewise, she has continually participated in research project since 2001; either as the main researcher or as a member of the research team. 

She was secretary and treasurer of the Spanish Association of Economy between 2009 and 2013. She is an Honorary Member of the AEE (Spanish Association of Economy) since 2014.