Table
1. General distributional data for the
polycystine species treated. Geographic distribution
areas refer to those indicated in Figure 11. Most
abundant species are denoted with bold lettering.
Numbers in body of table indicate approximate pecentage
contribution to the correponding assemblages; 10: between
5 and slightly over 10%, exceptionally up to 20-30%; 5:
up to 5%, usually around 1-3%; A: abundant; P: present.
Depths defined are those of peak abundance of the species
as derived from various reports, mostly based on
materials from the Pacific Ocean. These vertical ranges
are probably generally valid for middle and low
latitudes, but not for the Subantarctic and Antarctic
areas. |
|
Warm water |
|
Cold water |
|
|
Equat.
high
prod. |
Equat. low prod. |
Central Gyre |
Subtropical |
Transitional |
Subantarctic |
Antarctic |
Depth
(m) |
Acanthodesmia
viniculata |
P |
P |
5 |
P |
P |
|
|
0 |
Acanthosphaera
actinota |
|
|
|
P |
P |
|
|
|
Acanthosphaera
dodecastyla |
|
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Acanthosphaera
pinchuda |
|
|
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Acrosphaera
murrayana |
5 |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Acrosphaera
spinosa |
|
P |
10 |
5 |
P |
|
|
|
Actinomma
antarcticum |
|
|
|
|
P |
5 |
5 |
0 |
Actinomma
arcadophorum |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Actinomma
leptodermum |
|
|
|
P |
P |
P |
|
|
Actinomma sol |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
0-100 |
Amphirhopalum
ypsilon |
P |
A |
A |
A |
P |
|
|
|
Amphispyris
reticulata |
A |
A |
A |
A |
P |
|
|
|
Antarctissa
denticulata group |
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
10 |
|
Anthocyrtidium
ophirense |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
25-50 |
Anthocyrtidium
zanguebaricum |
A |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Arachnocorys
circumtexta |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
25-100 |
Arachnosphaera
myriacantha |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Artostrobus
annulatus |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
A |
>100 |
Astrosphaera
hexagonalis |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Botryocephalina
armata |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Botryocyrtis
scutum |
P |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
Botryopyle
dictyocephalus |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Botryostrobus
aquilonaris |
|
|
|
|
|
P |
5 |
>100 |
Botryostrobus
auritus/australis |
P |
P |
P |
P |
5 |
5 |
P |
100 |
Buccinosphaera
invaginata |
|
P |
A |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Callimitra
carolotae |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Carpocanium spp. |
P |
P |
5 |
P |
P |
|
|
0 |
Carposphaera
acanthophora |
P |
P |
P |
A |
P |
|
|
|
Cenosphaera spp. |
|
|
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
P |
|
Centrobotrys
thermophila |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Centrocubus
cladostylus |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Cephalospyris
clathrobursa |
|
|
|
P |
P |
|
|
|
Cladococcus
cervicornis |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Cladococcus
megaceros |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Clathrocanium
coarctatum |
P |
P |
P |
A |
|
|
|
0 |
Clathrocorys
teuscheri |
A |
P |
P |
p |
P |
|
|
|
Clathrocyclas
cassiopeiae |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Collosphaera
huxleyi |
|
P |
A |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Collosphaera
macropora |
|
P |
A |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Collosphaera
tuberosa |
|
P |
A |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Cornutella
profunda |
Cosmopolitan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
>100 |
Corocalyptra
cervus |
P |
P |
P |
P |
5 |
|
|
|
Corocalyptra
columba |
|
P |
P |
A |
P |
|
|
|
Corocalyptra
kruegeri |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Cromyechinus
antarctica |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
Cromyechinus
icosacanthus |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Cromyomma
circumtextum |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Cycladophora
davisiana |
|
|
|
|
P |
5 |
5 |
|
Cyrtopera
laguncula |
Cosmopolitan? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
>100 |
Dictyocephalus
papillosus |
Cosmopolitan? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dictyocoryne
profunda |
5 |
5 |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
0 |
Dictyocoryne
truncatum |
|
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Dictyophimus
gracilipes |
|
|
|
|
P |
A |
5 |
100 |
Dictyophimus
hirundo |
Cosmopolitan? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dictyophimus
infabricatus |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Didymocyrtis
tetrathalamus |
10 |
10 |
10 |
5 |
A |
|
|
0 |
Dipylissa
bensoni |
P? |
P? |
P? |
P? |
|
|
|
|
Druppatractus
irregularis |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Euchitonia
elegans/furcata group? |
P |
5 |
10 |
5 |
P |
|
|
0 |
Eucyrtidium acuminatum |
P |
P |
P |
A |
P |
|
|
0 |
Eucyrtidium anomalum |
A |
P |
P |
A |
P |
|
|
|
Eucyrtidium
hexastichum |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
25-100 |
Heliaster
hexagonium |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Heliodiscus
asteriscus |
P |
P |
A |
P |
P |
|
|
0 |
Heliosoma
echinaster |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Helotholus
histricosa |
|
|
|
P |
P |
A |
A |
0-100 |
Hexacontium
aristarchi |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Hexacontium
armatum/hostile group |
P |
P |
5 |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Hexacontium
laevigatum |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Lamprocyclas
hannai |
P? |
P? |
P? |
P? |
|
|
|
|
Lamprocyclas
maritalis group? |
P |
P |
P |
A |
A |
|
|
50-100 |
Lamprocyclas
nigriniae |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
100->100 |
Lampromitra
coronata |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Lampromitra
danaes |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Lampromitra
quadricuspis |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
100->100 |
Lampromitra
schultzei |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Larcopyle
butschlii |
P |
P |
P |
P |
A |
A |
P |
>100 |
Larcospyra
quadrangula |
P |
A |
P |
A |
P |
|
|
0 |
Lipmanella
bombus |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Lipmanella
dictyoceras |
P |
P |
P |
P |
5 |
|
|
0 |
Litharachnium
tentorium |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
100 |
Lithelius
minor |
P |
P |
P |
5 |
P |
P |
P |
|
Lithelius
nautiloides |
|
|
|
|
P |
P |
5 |
|
Lithopera
bacca |
P |
A |
P |
P |
|
|
|
0 |
Lithostrobus
hexagonalis |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
0-100 |
Lophophaena
butschlii |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Lophophaena
hispida |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Lophospyris
pentagona pentagona |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Neosemantis
distephanus |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
0 |
Nephrospyris
renilla |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Octodendron
cubocentron |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Octopyle
stenozona group? |
5 |
10 |
10 |
5 |
5 |
|
|
0 |
Peromelissa
phalacra |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Perypiramis
circumtexta |
Cosmopolitan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
>100 |
Phormacantha
hystrix |
|
|
|
|
P |
P |
P |
|
Phormospyris
stabilis scaphipes |
P |
P |
P |
A |
A |
|
|
25-100 |
Phormospyris
stabilis stabilis |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Phormostichoartus
corbula |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
A |
A |
100->100 |
Phorticium
clevei |
|
|
|
|
|
P |
5 |
|
Plagoniidae
group |
10 |
5 |
5 |
A |
A |
A |
5 |
|
Plegmosphaera
entodictyon |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Plegmosphaera
exodictyon |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Plegmosphaera
pachyplegma |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Pseudocubus
obeliscus |
|
|
|
P |
P |
P |
5 |
|
Pterocanium
elegans |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Pterocanium
praetextum |
P |
P |
5 |
5 |
P |
|
|
0 |
Pterocanium
trilobum |
P |
P |
P |
P |
5 |
|
|
0 |
Pterocorys
herwigii |
P |
P |
P |
A |
P |
|
|
0 |
Pterocorys
minythorax |
P |
P |
P |
P |
10 |
|
|
0 |
Pterocorys
zancleus |
P |
P |
P |
A |
P |
|
|
|
Pterocyrtidium
dogieli |
P? |
P? |
P? |
P? |
|
|
|
|
Pteroscenium
pinnatum |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Pylolena
armata group? |
P |
P |
P |
A |
P |
|
|
|
Pylospyra
octopyle |
P? |
P? |
P? |
P? |
|
|
|
|
Saccospyris
antarctica |
|
|
|
|
|
P |
5 |
|
Saturnalis
circularis |
|
|
|
P |
P |
P |
|
|
Sethoconus
anthocyrtis |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Sethodiscus
macococcus |
|
|
|
P |
P |
|
|
|
Sethophormis
aurelia |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
0 |
Sethophormis
rotula |
|
|
|
|
P |
P |
P |
|
Siphocampe
arachnea |
|
|
|
|
P |
P |
A |
>100 |
Siphocampe
lineata |
|
|
|
|
P |
P |
5 |
|
Siphonosphaera
martensi |
|
A |
A |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Siphonosphaera
polysiphonia |
P |
A |
5 |
P |
P |
|
|
0 |
Solenosphaera
chierchiae |
|
A |
A |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Solenosphaera
polysolenia |
|
A |
A |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Solenosphaera
zanguebarica |
|
5 |
5 |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Spirocyrtis
scalaris |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Spongaster
tetras irregularis |
P |
P |
P |
A |
|
|
|
|
Spongaster
tetras tetras |
5 |
5 |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
0 |
Spongocore
cylindrica |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
100 |
Spongodictyon
spongiosum |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Spongodiscus
resurgens |
5 |
P |
P |
P |
10 |
P |
5 |
|
Spongoliva
ellipsoides |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Spongoplegma
antarcticum |
|
|
|
|
P |
|
|
|
Spongoplegma
rugosa |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Spongopyle
setosa |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
5 |
5 |
>100 |
Spongosphaera
streptacantha |
P |
P |
P |
5 |
P |
|
|
0 |
Spongotrochus
glacialis |
5 |
P |
5 |
10 |
P |
P |
5 |
0 |
Spongurus
pylomaticus |
|
|
|
P |
P |
P |
A |
0 |
Spongurus spp. |
5 |
P |
P |
P |
P |
A |
10 |
>100 |
Stichopilium
bicorne |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Stylatractus
spp. |
|
P |
5 |
5 |
P |
|
|
|
Stylochlamydium
asteriscus |
P |
P |
P |
5 |
P |
|
|
|
Stylodictya
aculeata |
|
|
|
P |
P |
5 |
5 |
|
Stylodictya
multispina |
5 |
5 |
5 |
10 |
10 |
|
|
|
Stylosphaera
melpomene |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Styptosphaera
spumacea |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Tetraplecta
pinigera |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Thecosphaera
inermis |
P |
P |
P |
A |
A |
|
|
|
Theocorythium
trachelium |
P |
P |
P |
P |
5 |
|
|
0 |
Theopilium
tricostatum |
P |
P |
P |
5 |
P |
P |
P |
0 |
Tholospyris
anthophora |
|
|
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Tholospyris
ramosa |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Tholospyris
tripodiscus |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Tribonosphaera
centripetalis |
|
P |
A |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Triceraspyris
antarctica |
|
|
|
|
P |
5 |
10 |
|
Tricolocampe
cylindrica |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
|
Trisulcus
triacanthus |
P |
P |
P |
P |
P |
|
|
|
Zygocircus
productus |
P |
P |
5 |
P |
P |
|
|
|