Nº 7, SETEMBRE 97
RESUMEN
Juan A. Tomás-Carpi y Juan Such:
"Internationalisation of small and medium firms in four valencia region industrial districts"
This paper studies the different internationalisation processes followed by four industrial districts of the Valencia Region since 1986, when Spain joined the EEC. The findings are based on the results of personal interviews carried out with 240 firms specialising in the production of ceramic tiles, footwear, home textiles, and furniture.
Two groups of firms are distinguished in each industrial cluster: a group of committed exporters (which export, at least, 20 % of their sales) and the rest of the firms. The committed exporters are characterised by their increasing focus on the international markets and the development of specific firm competences. For instance, some attributes that characterise this group are their emphasis on the development of competitive advantages through the differentiation of products (design, quality), their learning and managerial competences, and a strong investment in commercial networks.
The paper questions the role of firms size in explaining internationalisation processes. The knowledge accumulated in the territory, its development path, as well as the economic, organisational and institutional dynamics of the cluster as a whole, are also outstanding variables that we introduce in order to explain the way in which firms become internationalised. Our research shows that the level of export internationalisation in the four industrial districts studied has significantly risen in the last few years. Besides, the degree of autonomy and market activism of firms has remarkably improved, although in a quite uneven way among the different districts, according to their history and recent techno-economic dynamism.
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Nº 8, OCTUBRE 97
RESUMEN
Fernando Toboso.:
"Potencialidades, limitaciones y sesgos de la Elección
Pública Positiva y la Economía Política Constitucional"
El objetivo básico del
presente trabajo consiste en realizar un presentación
global de los principales supuestos de partida,
preconcepciones, criterios y métodos habitualmente
utilizados en la elaboración de sus teorías y modelos,
tanto explicativos como prescriptivos, por J.M.
Buchanan y otros destacados miembros de la escuela
de la elección pública, al tiempo que se reflexiona
sobre las potencialidades, limitaciones y sesgos de
dicho enfoque de análisis y se extraen algunas
conclusiones relevantes para la organización y reforma
de los asuntos
económicos públicos en las sociedades democráticas
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