¿Quién hizo qué? Transparencia y agencia en la contribución cultural creativa entre humanos e IA: el gradiente de medida HAICCS (Human–AI Creative Contribution Scale).

Amparo Oliver; Francesc Felipe; Pau Rausell

This chapter introduces the Human–AI Creative Contribution Scale, or HAICCS, as a conceptual and operational instrument for representing the distribution of human and artificial-intelligence agency in hybrid cultural production. The proposal seeks to move beyond binary labels that classify a work simply as human-made or AI-generated. Instead, it establishes a seven-level ordinal gradient ranging from predominantly autonomous artificial production to exclusively human authorship, with balanced human–AI co-authorship at its midpoint. The chapter presents preliminary psychometric evidence based on more than 400 responses from the general population and examines the scale’s internal...

This chapter introduces the Human–AI Creative Contribution Scale, or HAICCS, as a conceptual and operational instrument for representing the distribution of human and artificial-intelligence agency in hybrid cultural production. The proposal seeks to move beyond binary labels that classify a work simply as human-made or AI-generated. Instead, it establishes a seven-level ordinal gradient ranging from predominantly autonomous artificial production to exclusively human authorship, with balanced human–AI co-authorship at its midpoint. The chapter presents preliminary psychometric evidence based on more than 400 responses from the general population and examines the scale’s internal consistency, dimensionality and relationships with established measures of critical thinking and AI literacy. The findings provide initial support for interpreting HAICCS as a unidimensional and understandable framework for identifying different levels of AI involvement in cultural creation. The authors propose its potential use in cultural metadata, provenance systems, public communication and future regulatory frameworks aimed at strengthening transparency, authorship recognition, responsibility and trust in hybrid creative ecosystems.

Pages 183–192. Amparo Oliver is affiliated with ARMAQoL, while Francesc Felipe and Pau Rausell are affiliated with Econcult. All three affiliations are within the Universitat de València

La IA generativa y la reconfiguración del valor cultural: autoría, plataformas y gobernanza en el ecosistema creativo europeo.

Víctor Fernández Pallarés

This chapter analyses generative artificial intelligence as a process of structural reorganisation within the European digital cultural ecosystem. It examines how generative models, platform infrastructures and algorithmic mediation are transforming cultural production, redistributing creative agency and modifying the mechanisms through which economic and symbolic value are captured. The chapter situates generative AI within longer-term processes of digitalisation, datafication and platformisation rather than treating it as an isolated technological disruption. It discusses the destabilisation of conventional notions of authorship and originality in hybrid human–machine environments, as...

This chapter analyses generative artificial intelligence as a process of structural reorganisation within the European digital cultural ecosystem. It examines how generative models, platform infrastructures and algorithmic mediation are transforming cultural production, redistributing creative agency and modifying the mechanisms through which economic and symbolic value are captured. The chapter situates generative AI within longer-term processes of digitalisation, datafication and platformisation rather than treating it as an isolated technological disruption. It discusses the destabilisation of conventional notions of authorship and originality in hybrid human–machine environments, as well as the growing role of platforms in controlling visibility, recommendation, audience access and monetisation. The analysis concludes that the central issue is not simply whether machines can create culturally relevant content, but who controls the infrastructures through which culture is produced, circulated, legitimised and economically valued. It therefore frames generative AI as a matter of cultural governance, platform power and digital cultural sovereignty.

Pages 143–154. The author is affiliated with the Universitat de València and Econcult and participates in the European projects AI-SECRETT and AISHA. ORCID: 0000-0002-0595-516X

AI slop, plataformas audiovisuales y derechos digitales: la crisis de la descubribilidad y la desigualdad en el acceso en la era de la inteligencia artificial generativa.

Francesc Felipe-Campillo

This chapter examines AI slop as a structural consequence of the convergence between generative automation, digital platforms and attention-based economic models. Rather than treating AI slop merely as low-quality, artificially generated content, it analyses it as a form of audiovisual production specifically adapted to algorithmic recommendation systems that reward scalability, frequency, engagement and continuous monetisation. The chapter explores how platforms such as YouTube organise cultural visibility, determine discoverability and increasingly operate as private regulators of audiovisual circulation. It argues that the proliferation of automated content contributes to a broader...

This chapter examines AI slop as a structural consequence of the convergence between generative automation, digital platforms and attention-based economic models. Rather than treating AI slop merely as low-quality, artificially generated content, it analyses it as a form of audiovisual production specifically adapted to algorithmic recommendation systems that reward scalability, frequency, engagement and continuous monetisation. The chapter explores how platforms such as YouTube organise cultural visibility, determine discoverability and increasingly operate as private regulators of audiovisual circulation. It argues that the proliferation of automated content contributes to a broader crisis of cultural relevance and exposure diversity, reinforcing inequalities between actors with different technical, economic and analytical capacities. The chapter situates these transformations within the framework of digital rights and algorithmic governance, highlighting concerns related to transparency, accountability, concentration of platform power and meaningful access to culturally diverse content.

Pages 169–182. The chapter is affiliated with Econcult and the Universitat de València. It was developed within the AI-SECRETT project, coordinated by the Universitat de València and co-funded by the European Union under the Digital Europe Programme.

Desenvolupament de la Geobase de Teatre Espanyol: una eina completa per a l'anàlisi d'infraestructures culturals.

Virgilio Pérez, Vicente Coll & Pau Rausell-Köster

El sector cultural juga un paper important en el desenvolupament econòmic i social, contribuint aproximadament al 3% del PIB mundial. Malgrat la seva importància, l'anàlisi espacial detallada de les infraestructures culturals s'ha vist obstaculitzada per la manca de bases de dades exhaustives. Aquest estudi presenta el desenvolupament de la Base de Dades Geogràfica de Teatres Espanyols, un conjunt de dades únic que integra informació geoespacial i cadastral sobre els teatres públics a Espanya. En combinar dades del Cadastre Espanyol i Redescena (la Xarxa Espanyola de Teatres Públics), aquesta base de dades proporciona una eina replicable per analitzar la dotació espacial de les...

El sector cultural juga un paper important en el desenvolupament econòmic i social, contribuint aproximadament al 3% del PIB mundial. Malgrat la seva importància, l'anàlisi espacial detallada de les infraestructures culturals s'ha vist obstaculitzada per la manca de bases de dades exhaustives. Aquest estudi presenta el desenvolupament de la Base de Dades Geogràfica de Teatres Espanyols, un conjunt de dades únic que integra informació geoespacial i cadastral sobre els teatres públics a Espanya. En combinar dades del Cadastre Espanyol i Redescena (la Xarxa Espanyola de Teatres Públics), aquesta base de dades proporciona una eina replicable per analitzar la dotació espacial de les infraestructures culturals. La metodologia, tot i que està adaptada als teatres espanyols, és altament adaptable i es pot aplicar a altres estudis d'infraestructures. Es proposen quatre indicadors: la Taxa de Densitat de Teatres (TDR), la Taxa de Superfície de Teatres (TAR), la Taxa de Densitat d'Edificis Públics (PBDR) i la Taxa de Superfície d'Edificis Públics (PBAR) per quantificar la inversió pública en equipaments culturals. Els resultats revelen una marcada heterogeneïtat territorial i una agrupació espacial estadísticament significativa, especialment per a la densitat de teatres, patrons que romanen robustos sota comprovacions de sensibilitat. Aquestes troballes subratllen la importància d'integrar les infraestructures culturals en les agendes de planificació espacial, alhora que destaquen la necessitat de dades més completes per capturar completament les diferències regionals. Treballs futurs podrien ampliar el conjunt de dades a variables i territoris addicionals, permetent una anàlisi més precisa i una política cultural basada en l'evidència tant a Espanya com a nivell internacional.

The role of data visualization literacy in public administration in the era of AI adoption

Ignacio Montalvá , Virgilio Pérez and Jose M. Pavía

International Journal of Engineering Business Management.

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems and data-driven tools become integral to governmental decision-making, the ability to interpret and reason with visual information emerges as a critical competence for operating effectively in AI-mediated analytical environments. However, empirical evidence on the level of data visualization literacy within public administrations remains limited. To address this gap, the study provides a large-scale, diagnostic, and descriptive analysis of Data Visualization Literacy (DVL) performance in a real public organizational setting, using a standardized assessment instrument. A cross-sectional survey of 1,219 public employees was conducted using a...

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems and data-driven tools become integral to governmental decision-making, the ability to interpret and reason with visual information emerges as a critical competence for operating effectively in AI-mediated analytical environments. However, empirical evidence on the level of data visualization literacy within public administrations remains limited. To address this gap, the study provides a large-scale, diagnostic, and descriptive analysis of Data Visualization Literacy (DVL) performance in a real public organizational setting, using a standardized assessment instrument. A cross-sectional survey of 1,219 public employees was conducted using a bilingual Spanish–Valencian adaptation of the Mini-VLAT (12 items; 25 seconds per item), evaluating participants’ capacity to interpret, analyze, and reason with graphical representations of data. Mean performance reached 57.8% correct, with 27.1% omissions and 15.1% errors. Tasks involving proportional or relational reasoning—particularly stacked charts—produced the lowest accuracy and the highest nonresponse. Performance patterns were consistent: accuracy declined with age, improved with higher educational attainment, and varied across departments. Omissions under time pressure, rather than misinterpretation, were the predominant source of error. The findings underscore the importance of treating DVL as part of the institutional infrastructure, through periodic diagnostics, shared graphic-interoperability standards, targeted domain training under time constraints, and longitudinal monitoring to preserve epistemic control while harnessing AI’s speed and scale.

Las regiones creativas en el siglo XXI

Rafael Boix-Domènech, Luciana Lazzeretti

Handbook of creative regions.

Este capítulo introduce el Handbook of Creative Regions y justifica la necesidad de un enfoque integrado y multidimensional sobre las regiones creativas, un concepto todavía escasamente desarrollado en la literatura académica y en las políticas públicas. El texto reconstruye la genealogía del concepto, analiza su evolución teórica y política, y examina sus distintas escalas territoriales. Asimismo, ofrece una panorámica global de las geografías creativas, sus efectos económicos y sociales —tanto positivos como negativos—, e identifica las principales líneas de investigación futura.

Efectes econòmics globals de les indústries culturals i creatives

Fernando Álvarez

Hanbook of creative regions.

El capítol ofereix una anàlisi empírica dels efectes econòmics de les indústries culturals i creatives a escala global mitjançant models internacionals input–output. Basant-se en una ambiciosa estratègia metodològica, el treball avalua de manera comparada quan i en quins contextos l’especialització creativa genera major valor afegit. Els resultats permeten matisar visions excessivament optimistes i aporten evidència sòlida sobre el paper real de la creativitat en el desenvolupament econòmic.

El paper de les indústries culturals i creatives en la promoció del benestar regional

Jordi Sanjuan

Handbook of creative regions.

Este capítol explora la relació entre creativitat i benestar a escala regional mitjançant mètodes avançats d’anàlisi causal. L’estudi mostra que els efectes de les indústries creatives van més enllà del creixement econòmic i incideixen, de manera desigual, en dimensions com l’educació, l’habitatge, la salut i la satisfacció vital. Els resultats subratllen la necessitat d’interpretar els territoris com a sistemes complexos en l’anàlisi del desenvolupament basat en la creativitat.

Regions creatives a la Xina: tendències i reptes

Qianni Feng, Chuan Li, Jing Wang

Handbook of regions.

Este capítol analitza el desenvolupament de les regions creatives a la Xina, situant-lo en un context institucional, territorial i polític específic. L’estudi mostra com la creativitat es manifesta en un entorn marcat per fortes desigualtats urbà-rurals i per una intervenció activa de l’Estat. En anar més enllà de perspectives eurocèntriques, el capítol amplia el marc comparatiu del Manual i contribueix a una comprensió més diversa de les geografies creatives globals.