Research Group on Drug Absorption. Department of Pharmaceutics. University of Valencia

A novel approach to determining physicochemical and absorption properties of 6-fluoroquinolones derivatives: experimental assessment. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics Clave: A Volumen: 53(3) Páginas, inicial: 317 final: 325 Fecha: 2002

Montalar M., Nalda-Molina R., Rodríguez-Ibañez M., García-Valcárcel I., Garrigues T., Merino V., Bermejo M.

Título: Study of the intestinal absorption of Triamterene in rat: does it use the same transport system than folic acid?.Journal of Drug Targeting. May 2003 11(4) 215-223 Volumen:11(4) Páginas, inicial: 215 final: 223 Fecha:2003

Transintestinal Secretion Of Ciprofloxacin, Grepafloxacin And Sparfloxacin: In Vitro And In Situ Inhibition Studies

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 2003 Mar; 55(2):241-6.
PMID: 12637104

Miguel Angel Cabrera Pérez , Ana Ruiz García, Carlos Fernández Teruel , Isabel González Álvarez, and Marival Bermejo Sanz

A topological-substructural molecular design (TOPS-MODE) approach to determining pharmacokinetics and pharmacological properties of 6-fluoroquinolone derivatives

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics Volume 56,(2) 2003 , Pages 197-206

Marival Bermejo, Alex Avdeef,,* Ana Ruiz, Ricardo Nalda, Jeffrey A. Ruell, Oksana Tsinman, Isabel González, Carlos Fernández, Gloria Sánchez, Teresa M. Garrigues, Virginia Merino. PAMPA - a Drug Absorption in vitro Model. 7.aComparing Rat in situ, Caco-2, and PAMPA Permeability of Fluoroquinolones.

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. March 2004. Vol 21/4 pp 429-441

Nehal A. Kasim1,2, Marc Whitehouse1, Chandrasekharan Ramachandran1, Marival Bermejo3, Hans Lennernäs4, Ajaz S. Hussain5,6, and Gordon L. Amidon1,*.

A Provisional Biopharmaceutic Classification of Orally Administered WHO Essential Medicines Based on Molecular Properties: Implications for Bioequivalence Regulatory Standards.

Molecular Biopharmaceutics 2004; 1(1); 85-96

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2004 Vol. 93, No. 7, July 2004

In silico prediction of central nervous system activity of compounds. Identification of potential pharmacophores by the TOPS-MODE approach

Bioorg Med Chem. 2004 Nov 15;12(22):5833-43. PMID: 15498659

Miguel Angel Cabrera Pérez a,*, Marival Bermejo Sanz b, Liliana Ramos Torres a, Ricardo Grau Ávalos c, Maykel Pérez González a, Humberto González Díaz a

A topological sub-structural approach for predicting human intestinal absorption of drugs

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 39 (2004) 905–916


	Department of Pharmaceutics
English / Spanish	Research Group on Intestinal Absorption
Mission Research Competence Projects Research Report Facilities Team Professors Research Students Staff Teaching activities Collaborations	Research Report Papers Dissertations and Thesis Presentations at symposia Research visits Papers Garrigues TM, Pérez-Varona AT, Climent E, Bermejo M.V., Martín-Villodre A., Plá-Delfina J.M. "Gastric Absorption of Acidic Xenobiotics in the Rat: Biophysical Interpretation of an Apparently Atypical Behaviour." Int. J. Pharm., 64, 127-138 (1990). Bermejo M.V., Pérez-Varona AT, Segura-Bono MJ, Martín-Villodre A, Plá-Delfina J.M, Garrigues T.M. "Compared Effects of Synthetic and Natural Bile Acid Surfactants on Xenobiotic Absorption. I. Studies with Polysorbate and Taurocholate in Rat Colon." Int. J. Pharm., 69, 221-231 (1991). Garrigues T.M., Pérez-Varona A.T., Bermejo M.V., Martín-Villodre A. "Absorption-partition Relationships for True Homologous Series of Xenobiotics as a Possible Approach to Study Mechanisms of Surfactants in Absorption. IV. Phenylacetic Acid Derivatives and Anionic Surfactants." Int. J. Pharm., 79, 135-140 (1992) Garrigues T.M., Segura-Bono M.J., Bermejo M.V., Merino V., Plá-Delfina J.M. "Compared Effects of Synthetic and Natural Bile Acid Surfactant on Xenobiotic Absorption. II. Studies with Sodium Glycocholate to Confirm an Hypothesis." Int. J. Pharm., 101, 209-217 (1994) Segura-Bono M.J., Garrigues T.M., Merino V., Bermejo M.V. "Compared Effects of Synthetic and Natural Bile Acid Surfactant on Xenobiotic Absorption.III. Studies with mixed micelles." Int. J. Pharm., 107, 159-166 (1994). Merino V., Bermejo M.V., Fabra-Campos S., Garrigues T.M. and Plá Delfina J.M. "Influencia de los tensiactivos naturales en la absorción intestinal de los xenobióticos y modelos biofísicos que la describen". Cienc. Pharm. 4, 231-244 (1995). Merino V., Freixas J., Bermejo M.V., Moreno J., Garrigues T.M. and Plá Delfina J.M. "Biophysical models as an approach to studying passive absorption in drug development: 6-Fluoroquinolones". J. Pharm. Sci. 84, 777-782 (1995). Merino V., Martín-Algarra R.V., Rocher A., Garrigues T.M., Freixas J. and Polache A. "Effects of Ethanol on Intestinal Absorption of Drugs. I. Studies with Ciprofloxacin Analogs in Normal and Chronic Alcohol-Fed Rats ".Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 21, 326-333 (1997). Bermejo M.V., Garrigues T.M. "La liberación como factor limitativo de la absorción parenteral". Cap. 25, pág. 113-129. En: Biofarmacia y Farmacocinética. Vol II Editorial Síntesis. Madrid (1998) Garrigues T.M., Bermejo M.V. "Absorción por vía perlingual y bucal. Absorción por vía rectal". Cap. 35, pág. 349-366. En: Biofarmacia y Farmacocinética. Vol II Editorial Síntesis. Madrid (1998). Bermejo M.V., Merino V., Sánchez-Castaño G., Ruiz-García A., Garrigues T.M. "La liofilización en Farmacia. I." Industria Farmacéutica, 3, 49-58 (1999). Bermejo M.V., Merino V., Sánchez-Castaño G., Ruiz-García A., Garrigues T.M. "La liofilización en Farmacia. II". Industria Farmacéutica. Aceptado para publicación (abril, 1999). Bermejo M.V., Merino V., Sánchez-Castaño G., Ruiz-García A., Garrigues T.M. "La liofilización en Farmacia. III."Industria Farmacéutica. Aceptado para publicación (abril, 1999). Ferrando R., Garrigues T.M., Bermejo M., Merino V., Martín-Algarra R.V. and Polache A. "Effects of Ethanol on Intestinal Absorption of Drugs. In Situ Studies with Ciprofloxacin Analogs in Acute and Chronic Alcohol-Fed Rats ".Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 23 (8), 1403-8 (1999) Bermejo M.V, Merino M, Garrigues T.M., Plá Delfina J.M., Mulet A., Vizet P., Trouiller G., Mercier C. Validation of a drug absorption biophysical model by the PATQSAR system. J. Pharm. Sci. 88 (4), 398-405 (1999). Ruíz A., Bermejo M.V., Merino V., Sánchez G., Freixas J., Garrigues T.M. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of flumequine in rat. Eur. J. Biopharm Pharmacokin. 48 253-258 (1999) Sánchez-Castaño G., Ruiz-García A., Bañon N., Bermejo M. V., Merino V., Freixas J , Garrigues T. M and Plá-Delfina J. M. "Intrinsic absolute bioavailability prediction in rats, based on in situ absorption rate constants and/or in vitro partition coefficients: 6-fluoroquinolones." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2000 89(11)1395-1403 Cabrera-Pérez MA,Gonzalez-Diaz H,Fernandez-TeruelC, Pla-Delfina JM, Bermejo Sanz MV: A novel approach to determining physicochemical and absorption properties of 6-fluoroquinolones derivatives: experimental assessment. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 53 (3) 317-325 2002 Sally Choe; Marival Bermejo, Gordon Amidon Modern Biopharmaceutics V.5.04. (English and Spanish versions). Cabrera-Pérez MA,Gonzalez-Diaz H,Fernandez-TeruelC, Pla-Delfina JM, Bermejo Sanz MV A novel approach to determining physicochemical and absorption properties of 6-fluoroquinolones derivatives: experimental assessment. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics Clave: A Volumen: 53(3) Páginas, inicial: 317 final: 325 Fecha: 2002 Montalar M., Nalda-Molina R., Rodríguez-Ibañez M., García-Valcárcel I., Garrigues T., Merino V., Bermejo M. Título: Study of the intestinal absorption of Triamterene in rat: does it use the same transport system than folic acid?.Journal of Drug Targeting. May 2003 11(4) 215-223 Volumen:11(4) Páginas, inicial: 215 final: 223 Fecha:2003 Rodríguez-Ibáñez M1, Nalda-Molina R, Montalar M., Bermejo MV, Merino V, Garrigues TM Transintestinal Secretion Of Ciprofloxacin, Grepafloxacin And Sparfloxacin: In Vitro And In Situ Inhibition Studies European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 2003 Mar; 55(2):241-6. PMID: 12637104 Miguel Angel Cabrera Pérez , Ana Ruiz García, Carlos Fernández Teruel , Isabel González Álvarez, and Marival Bermejo Sanz A topological-substructural molecular design (TOPS-MODE) approach to determining pharmacokinetics and pharmacological properties of 6-fluoroquinolone derivatives European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics Volume 56,(2) 2003 , Pages 197-206 Marival Bermejo, Alex Avdeef,,* Ana Ruiz, Ricardo Nalda, Jeffrey A. Ruell, Oksana Tsinman, Isabel González, Carlos Fernández, Gloria Sánchez, Teresa M. Garrigues, Virginia Merino. PAMPA - a Drug Absorption in vitro Model. 7.aComparing Rat in situ, Caco-2, and PAMPA Permeability of Fluoroquinolones. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. March 2004. Vol 21/4 pp 429-441 Nehal A. Kasim1,2, Marc Whitehouse1, Chandrasekharan Ramachandran1, Marival Bermejo3, Hans Lennernäs4, Ajaz S. Hussain5,6, and Gordon L. Amidon1,. A Provisional Biopharmaceutic Classification of Orally Administered WHO Essential Medicines Based on Molecular Properties: Implications for Bioequivalence Regulatory Standards. Molecular Biopharmaceutics 2004; 1(1); 85-96 Miguel Angel Cabrera,, Marival Bermejo, Maykel Pérez, Ronal Ramos. TOPS-MODE Approach for the Prediction of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeation Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2004 Vol. 93, No. 7, July 2004 Cabrera Perez MA, Bermejo-Sanz M. In silico prediction of central nervous system activity of compounds. Identification of potential pharmacophores by the TOPS-MODE approach Bioorg Med Chem. 2004 Nov 15;12(22):5833-43. PMID: 15498659 Miguel Angel Cabrera Pérez a,, Marival Bermejo Sanz b, Liliana Ramos Torres a, Ricardo Grau Ávalos c, Maykel Pérez González a, Humberto González Díaz a A topological sub-structural approach for predicting human intestinal absorption of drugs European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 39 (2004) 905–916 Dissertations and Thesis Dissertations Teresa-Maria Garrigues Pelufo Influencia de los tensiactivos en la absorción gástrica y colónica de los xenobióticos: ácidos aril-alquil-carboxílicos. (1989) Universidad de Valencia. Facultad de Farmacia. Ana-Teresa Perez Varona Influencia del lauril-sulfato en la absorción gastrointestinal de xenobióticos ácidos. Absorción en estómago y colon. (1990) Universidad de Valencia. Facultad de Farmacia. Mª del Val Bermejo Sanz. Influencia de las sales biliares en la absorción gastrointestinal de xenobióticos de carácter ácido. (1992) Universidad de Valencia. Facultad de Farmacia. Virginia Merino Sanjuán Absorción intestinal de quinolonas antibacterianas y modelos biofísicos que la describen. (1993) Universidad de Valencia. Facultad de Farmacia. Mª José Segura Bono.Influencia de los tensiactivos naturales en la absorción de xenobióticos ácidos. (1994) Universidad de Valencia. Facultad de Farmacia. Raúl FerrandoPiqueres Influencia del alcoholismo agudo en la absorción intestinal de 6-fluoroquinolonas"(1998). ) Universitad de Valencia. Facultad de Farmacia. Ana Orero Clavero Influencia de los fármacos antiinflamatorios en la penetración y actividad de antibacterianos en el interior de PMN humanos: (1999) ) Universidad de Valencia. Facultad de Farmacia Gloria Patricia Sánchez Castaño "Estudio comparativo de la absorción intrínseca y la biodisponibilidad oral en rata de una serie de quinolonas antibacterianas" (2000) Universidad de Valencia Facultad de Farmacia. Ana Ruiz García "Predicción de la biodisponibilidad de nuevos fármacos mediante métodos in situ e in vitro (monocapas de caco-2) derivados de 3' metilciprofloxacino”(2000) Universidad de Valencia Facultad de Farmacia. Margarita Rodríguez Ibañez "Estudio comparativo de la influencia de los procesos de secreción intestinal en dos modelos in situ e in vivo”(2001)Universidad de Valencia Facultad de Farmacia. Manuela Montalar Montero. "Estudio de la absorción intestinal del triamtereno: cinética y efecto del ácido fólico y metotrexato" ( 2002) Universidad de Valencia. Facultad de Farmacia. Thesis Mª DEL VAL BERMEJO SANZ Influencia de los tensiactivos en la absorción intestinal de xenobióticos de carácter ácido". (1989) Mª JOSÉ SEGURA BONO Influencia de los tensiactivos en la absorción intestinal de xenobióticos de carácter ácido. (1990) MARIOLA SIRVENT OCHANDO Influencia de los tensiactivos en la absorción intestinal: aminas alifáticas secundarias (1992) VIRGINIA MERINO SANJUÁN Modelos biofísicos de absorción intestinal: Bases para el estudio de nuevas series de quinolonas. (1992) CLARA ISABEL RUBIO BLASCO Nuevas quinolonas derivadas del Ciprofloxacino: Estudios de absorción intestinal y correlaciones. (1993) MARIA ELVIRA SELMA ESPÍ Nuevas quinolonas derivadas del Norfloxacino: Estudios de absorción intestinal y correlaciones.(1993) NURIA BAÑÓN MORÓN Estudio de la biodisponibilidad "in vivo" del norfloxacino en la rata Wistar. (1995) ISABEL GASCÓN ROS "Estudios de biodisponibilidad del N’-propil-norfloxacino en rata wistar". (1995) MARGARITA RODRÍGUEZ IBAÑEZ. " Estudio de la absorción intestinal de Ciprofloxacino en rata" Diciembre (1999). JOSÉ RICARDO NALDA MOLINA "Estudio de la biodisponibilidad oral del triamtereno en rata wistar". (1999) CARLOS FERNÁNDEZ TERUEL "Estudio de la absorción intestinal del sarafloxacino" (2001) ISABEL GONZALEZ ALVAREZ "Estudio de la absorción intestinal de una nueva fluoroquinolona CNV97100" pendiente de presentación 2002. Presentations at symposia 1999-2002 (PDF files)* AAPS Annual Meeting. New Orleans, USA, 1999.: Oral bioavailability of triamterene in the rat. Study of the intestinal absorption of Triamterene in rats. Oral bioavailability prediction in the rat: ofloxacin. Influence of p-glycoprotein on the intestinal absorption of grepafloxacin. Gastric absorption in the presence of sodium taurocholate: interpretation of its ulcerogenic effect Study of the intestinal absorption of ciprofloxacin in rats. The 27^th international symposium on controlled release of bioactive materials Paris France 2000 Biophysical Models in drug development: 6 fluoroquinolones derivatives Study of intestinal absorption of a new quinolone in rats. Study of the absorption of triamterene in rats. Congreso: V Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Industrial y Galénica Valencia 2001 Computer Aided Learning In Biopharmacy AAPS meeting: Congreso de Ciencias Farmacéuticas de las Américas Orlando Florida 2001 Bioavailability prediction from in situ permeability: 6-fluoroquinolones Study of the intestinal absorption of triamterene in rats: EUFEPS meeting: World Congress of Drug Absorption and Delivery Copenhagen Denmark 2001 Study of the absorption of a new fluoroquinolone in rats: Possible involvement of p-glycoprotein efflux mechanism Biophysical model applying to predict intestinal absorption of sarafloxacin and sparfloxacin Study of the intestinal absorption of triamterene in rat:does it use the same transport system than folic acid?. DMW2002. 18 Workshop on drug metabolism. Valencia 2002 (files in zip format. download and extract) ACTIVE INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF SARAFLOXACIN: INHIBITION BY ATP DEPLETION IN PRESENCE OF SODIUM AZIDE IN VITRO ABSORPTION OF SARAFLOXACIN: KINETIC ANALYSIS OF CARRIER LOCATION IN CACO-2 CELLS ROLE OF P-GLYCOPROTEIN LEVEL EXPRESSION IN THE ABSORPTION OF DRUGS IN RAT SMALL INTESTINE Before 1999. Presentations at Symposia AUTHORS: Casabó VG, Pérez-Buendía MD,Garrigues TM, Martín-Villodre A, Plá-Delfina JM. TITLE:. Análisis de datos de absorción: modelos biofísicos de aproximaciones lógicas aplicables a la interpretación de las correlaciones absorción-lipofilia. PARTICIPATION:Poster SYMPOSIUM: Firts National Symposium on Experimental Design and Data Treatment in Enzymatic Kinetics, Chemical Kinetics and Pharmacokinetics. Salamanca 1986 AUTHORS: Pérez-Buendía MD, Garrigues TM, Casabó VG, Peris-Ribera JE, Martín-Villodre A., Plá-Delfina JM. TITLE: A Tentative Approach to Interpret the Influence of Surfactants on Drug Absorption. I. Studies in Rat Colon. PARTICIPATION:Poster SYMPOSIUM: Third European Congress of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics. PUBLICATION: Proceedings pp 161. Friburgo 1987 AUTHORS: Garrigues TM, Martin U.,.Plá-Delfina JM., Prescott LF. TITLE: Dose-dependent Cefadroxil Absorption and Elimination. PARTICIPATION:Poster SYMPOSIUM: Congress of British Pharmacology Society. PUBLICATION: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 29, 602 (1990). Londres 1990 AUTHORS:Garrigues TM, Pérez-Varona AT, Climent E, Bermejo MV, Martín-Villodre A. TITLE: Biophysical Absorption Model for Phenylcarboxilic Acids in the Absence and in the Presence of Surfactant.I. Studies in Rat Stomach and Colon. PARTICIPATION:Poster SYMPOSIUM:Fourth European Congress of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics. PUBLICATION:European Journal of Drug Metabolism, Special Issue, 2 (1990). Ginebra 1990 AUTHORS: Calpena A.C., Suriol M., Garrigues TM, Lauroba J., Obach R., Doménech J.. TITLE: Aportación al estudio de la penetración trasdérmica de la domperidona. PARTICIPATION:Poster SYMPOSIUM: I SYMPOSIUM Iberoamericano de Farmacología. PUBLICATION: Revista de Farmacología Clínica y Experimental, Número especial, 247 (1992) Benalmádena (Málaga) 1992 AUTHORS: Bermejo MV, Garrigues TM, Martín-Villodre A., Plá-Delfina JM. TITLE: Influencia del taurocolato sódico en la absorción en diversas condiciones. PARTICIPATION:Poster SYMPOSIUM: I Reunión Científica de la Asociación de Docentes de Farmacia Galénica. Homenaje al Prof. Cadórniga. PUBLICATION: Proceedings pp 53 - 55 (1992) Madrid. 1992 AUTHORS: Escribano E., Garrigues TM, Freixas J., Moreno J., Domenech J., Mariño E.L. TITLE: Estudio de la absorción intestinal in situ de Ciprofloxacino en rata a tres niveles de dosis. PARTICIPATION:Poster SYMPOSIUM: I Reunión Científica de la Asociación de Docentes de Farmacia Galénica. Homenaje al Prof. Cadórniga. PUBLICATION: Proceedings pp 111 -114 (1992) Madrid. 1992 AUTHORS: Segura MJ, Bermejo MV, Merino V, Garrigues TM, Plá-Delifna JM. TITLE: Influence of Sodium Glycocholate on Absorption in Comparison with Sodium Laurylsulphate: Biophysical Models Applying. PARTICIPATION:Poster SYMPOSIUM:Fifth European Congress of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics. PUBLICATION: European Journal of Drug Metabolism, Special Issue, 5 (1993). Bruselas 1993 AUTHORS:Merino V, Rubio C, Bermejo MV, Freixas J, Garrigues TM. TITLE:Biophysical Absorption Models in Drug Development PARTICIPATION:Poster SYMPOSIUM: 2nd State of the Art Conferece on Methods in Phase I. PUBLICATION:Clinical Trials and Meta-Analysis 29, 292 (1996). Lyon. 1996 AUTHORS: Martín-Algarra R., Rocher A., Merino V, Garrigues TM, Polache A. TITLE: Influence of chronic alcoholism on passive drug absorption PARTICIPATION:Poster SYMPOSIUM: 3^thEuropean Congress of Pharmaceutical Sciences PUBLICATION: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4, S95 (1996). Edinburgh. 1996 AUTHORS:Sánchez- Castaño G., Bermejo M.V., Plá-Delfina J.M., Garrigues TM. TITLE:Bioavailability Prediction from in situ k_a values: Quinolones. PARTICIPATION:Poster SYMPOSIUM: 4^th International Conference on Drug Absorption. PUBLICATION: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5, S49 (1997). Edinburgh. 1997. AUTHORS: Bermejo M.V., Merino V, Garrigues TM, Vizet P., Mercier C. TITLE: Validation of Reliability of a Drug Absorption Biophysical Model by PATQSAR System. PARTICIPATION:Poster SYMPOSIUM: 4^th International Conference on Drug Absorption. PUBLICATION: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5, S47 (1997). Edinburgh. 1997. AUTHORS: Freixas J., Martorell C., Bañón N., Gascón I., Merino V, Bermejo M.V., Garrigues TM TITLE: Disposition and Bioavailability of 6-fluoroquinolones derivatives. PARTICIPATION:Poster SYMPOSIUM: 7^th EAVPT International Congress. PUBLICATION: Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 20, S1, 67 (1997). Madrid.1997. AUTHORS: Martín-Algarra RV, Rocher A, Merino V, Garrigues TM, Polache A., Plá-Delfina JM. TITLE: Influencia del alcoholismo crónico en la absorción pasiva de 6-fluoroquinolonas. PARTICIPATION:Comunicación oral SYMPOSIUM: III SYMPOSIUM de la AEDFG y II C. Hispano-Luso de liberación controlada de medicamentos. PUBLICATION: Proceedings, pp. 229-30. Tenerife. :1997. AUTHORS:Ferrando R., Garrigues TM, Polache A., Bermejo M. TITLE: Influencia de la intoxicación aguda con etanol en la absorción intestinal de fármacos. PARTICIPATION: Poster SYMPOSIUM: IV SYMPOSIUM de la AEDFG PUBLICATION: Proceedings, pp. 203. Santiago de Compostela. 1999. AUTHORS:Sánchez-Castaño G., Merino V, Garrigues TM TITLE: Predicción de la biodisponibilidad oral en rata: Ofloxacino. PARTICIPATION: Poster SYMPOSIUM: IV SYMPOSIUM de la AEDFG PUBLICATION: Proceedings, pp. 227. Santiago de Compostela.1999. Research visits 1. Teresa Mª Garrigues Pelufo. May-July 1989, with Prof. L.F. Prescott, Royal Infirmary de Edinburgh. 12 months 1991. with Prof. J. Domenech. University of Barcelona 1 month 2000 with Prof. Ming Hu . Washington State University 2. Virginia Merino Sanjuán May-July 1994 Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, with Prof. W. Barr 10 months November (1996-November 1997) Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d’Enseignament "Pharmapeptides". Archamps, France with Prof. Richard Guy. 3. Mª Del Val Bermejo Sanz. 11 months 1994. Department of Food Technology. Politechnic University Valencia. with Prof. Antonio Mulet January-February 1995. ITODYS. Universitè Paris VII. with Prof. C. Mercier- July-Agost 1999. Department of Pharmaceutics. University of Michigan. with Prof. GL Amidon. 4. Gloria Sánchez Castaño May-September 1998. Aston Pharmacy School, with Prof W.J. Irwin, May-August 1999. Department of Pharmaceutics. University of Michigan. with Prof. GL Amidon. 5. Ana Ruiz García. October-December 1998; Department of Pharmaceutics. Washington State University. with Prof. M. Hu. October- December 1999; Department of Pharmaceutics. Washington State University. with Prof. M. Hu. May-July 2000 Departmento of Pharmaceutics. Washington State University. with Prof. M. Hu.

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Dissertations

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