Viral mutation rates expressed as
nucleotide substitutions per site per cell infection (s/n/c)
The fraction of indels (indels / total mutations) is also provided when available.
Data are taken from Sanjuán
et al. 2010 J. Virol. 84: 9733-9748 [pdf].
Newer estimates (not appearing in the above paper) are
indicated in green.
An overall assessment of the estimate reliability (+:
reliable; - : poorly reliable) is also provided. However, this classification
is difficult because of the many different methods and sources of error
involved.
Details of each estimate can be obtained by clicking
on the mutation rate values. Equations and Figures therein refer to the Sanjuán et al. 2010 J. Virol. 84: 9733-9748 paper.
The rightmost column contains references to the
original publications.
- Mutational target size (T): total number of mutations observable in the experiment.
- Cell infection cycles (c): number of cell infection
cycles elapsed during the experiment.
- Selection
correction factor (a): used to remove
selection bias from the estimate if possible/necessary. The expression
that links mutation rate (ms/n/c) to the observed mutation
frequency (f) is ms/n/c= 3 f / (Tca). When all screened mutations were neutral a
= 1; when all screened mutations were lethal a = 1/c.
Click
here to download the Table in plain text.
Group |
Virus |
Short
name |
Genome size (kb) |
Mutation rate |
Fraction of indels |
Mutational target size |
Cell infection cycles |
Selection correction factor |
Estimate relability |
Original publications |
|
|
Positive stranded
RNA |
Bacteriophage
Qbeta |
Qbeta |
4.22 |
- |
1 |
1 to 10 |
- |
- |
|
|||
Positive stranded
RNA |
Tobacco
mosaic virus |
TMV |
6.4 |
0.4 |
723 |
5.7 |
1 |
+ |
|
|||
Positive stranded
RNA |
Human
rhinovirus 14 |
HRV-14 |
7.13 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
||||
Positive stranded
RNA |
Human
rhinovirus 14 |
HRV-14
(ii) |
7.13 |
- |
12 |
- |
- |
- |
|
|||
Positive stranded
RNA |
Poliovirus
1 |
PV-1 |
7.44 |
- |
1 |
2.8 to 4.6 |
+ |
|
||||
Positive stranded
RNA |
Poliovirus
1 |
PV-1
(ii) |
7.44 |
- |
4 |
2.1 |
- |
+ |
|
|||
Positive stranded
RNA |
Poliovirus
1 |
PV-1
(iii) |
7.44 |
- |
8463 |
3 |
0.28 |
+ |
|
|||
Positive stranded
RNA |
Tobacco
etch virus |
TEV |
9.49 |
- |
4890 |
- |
- |
- |
|
|||
Positive stranded
RNA |
Tobacco
etch virus |
TEV
(i) |
9.49 |
0.32 |
4357 |
16 to 190 |
1 |
+ |
|
|||
Positive stranded
RNA |
Hepatitis
C virus |
HCV |
9.65 |
- |
113 |
- |
- |
- |
|
|||
Positive stranded
RNA |
Murine
hepatitis virus |
MHV |
31.4 |
- |
20163 |
13 |
0.55 |
- |
|
|||
Negative stranded RNA |
Vesicular
stomatitis virus |
VSV |
11.2 |
- |
2 |
3.0 to 6.4 |
- |
- |
|
|||
Negative stranded RNA |
Vesicular
stomatitis virus |
VSV
(ii) |
11.2 |
- |
6 |
less than 1 |
- |
+ |
|
|||
Negative stranded RNA |
Influenza
A virus |
FLUVA |
13.6 |
- |
2547 |
5 |
0.33 |
+ |
|
|||
Negative stranded RNA |
Influenza
A virus |
FLUVA
(ii) |
13.6 |
- |
2547 |
7 |
0.28 |
+ |
|
|||
Negative stranded RNA |
Influenza
A virus |
FLUVA
(iii) |
13.6 |
- |
4 |
17 |
ca. 1 |
+ |
|
|||
Negative stranded RNA |
Influenza
B virus |
FLUVB |
14.5 |
- |
2547 |
7 |
0.33 |
+ |
|
|||
Double stranded RNA |
Bacteriophage
phi6 |
phi6 |
13.4 |
- |
ca. 5.6 |
1 |
- |
+ |
|
|||
Reverse transcribing |
Duck hepatitis
B virus |
DHBV |
3.03 |
- |
1 |
- |
- |
- |
|
|||
Reverse transcribing |
Spleen
necrosis virus |
SNV |
7.8 |
0.25 |
20 |
1 |
1 |
+ |
|
|||
Reverse transcribing |
Spleen
necrosis virus |
SNV
(ii) |
7.8 |
- |
1 |
1 |
1 |
+ |
|
|||
Reverse transcribing |
Murine
leukaemia virus |
MLV |
8.33 |
- |
1 |
1 |
1 |
+ |
|
|||
Reverse transcribing |
Murine
leukaemia virus |
MLV
(ii) |
8.33 |
- |
4140 |
1 |
0.48 |
+ |
|
|||
Reverse transcribing |
Murine
leukaemia virus |
MLV
(iii) |
8.33 |
0.27 |
76 |
1 |
1 |
+ |
|
|||
Reverse transcribing |
Bovine
leukaemia virus |
BLV |
8.42 |
0.12 |
20 |
1 |
1 |
+ |
|
|||
Reverse transcribing |
Human T-cell leukaemia
virus |
HTLV-1 |
8.5 |
0.1 |
20 |
1 |
1 |
+ |
|
|||
Reverse
transcribing |
Human
immunodeficiency virus 1 |
HIV-1 |
9.18 |
0.18 |
20 to 219 |
1 |
1 |
+ |
Mansky & Temin 1995; Mansky et al. 2000; Mansky & Bernard
2000 |
|
||
Reverse transcribing |
Human
immunodeficiency virus 1 |
HIV-1
(ii) |
9.18 |
0.35 |
25295 |
1 |
- |
- |
|
|||
Reverse transcribing |
Human
immunodeficiency virus 1 |
HIV-1
(iii) |
9.18 |
0.07 |
76 |
1 |
1 |
+ |
|
|||
Reverse transcribing |
Human
immunodeficiency virus 1 |
HIV-1
(iv) |
9.18 |
- |
7 |
1 |
1 |
+ |
|
|||
Reverse transcribing |
Human immunodeficiency
virus 1 |
HIV-1 (v) |
9.18 |
0.03 |
17 |
1 |
1 |
+ |
|
|||
Reverse transcribing |
Rous sarcoma
virus |
RSV |
9.4 |
- |
3375 |
1 |
- |
- |
|
|||
Reverse transcribing |
Foamy virus |
FV |
13.2 |
0.03 |
ca. 2200 |
1 |
1 |
+ |
|
|||
Single stranded
DNA |
Bacteriophage
phiX174 |
phiX174 |
5.39 |
- |
12 |
3.3 |
- |
+ |
|
|||
Single stranded
DNA |
Bacteriophage
phiX174 |
phiX174
(ii) |
5.39 |
- |
7 |
1.4 |
- |
+ |
|
|||
Single stranded
DNA |
Bacteriophage
m13 |
m13 |
6.41 |
0.19 |
219 |
5.8 |
1 |
+ |
|
|||
Double stranded DNA |
Bacteriophage
lambda |
lambda |
48.5 |
0.2 |
38 |
- |
1 |
+ |
|
|||
Double stranded DNA |
Herpes
simplex virus |
HSV-1 |
152 |
0.17 |
76 |
3 |
1 |
+ |
|
|||
Double stranded DNA |
Bacteriophage
T2 |
T2 |
169 |
0.37 |
1576 |
1 |
ca. 1 |
+ |
|