The main report provides an integrated narrative, examining the central and vital role that the climate and natural environment play in ensuring health, resilience and prosperity for people, anchored in the EU’s vision for a sustainable Europe by 2050.
Report contents:
Chapter 1: ‘Building Europe’s resilience in an unstable world’ sets the scene by introducing the challenges posed by key global issues alongside the triple planetary crises of climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution. It sets out the consequences for citizens and society and examines the urgent need to transform our key systems of production and consumption.
Chapter 2: ‘The evolving European policy framework’ describes the current policy architecture for delivering a fair green transformation, with a focus on environment and climate policy agreed under the European Green Deal. It also considers emerging policy priorities expected to shape the EU’s transformation to sustainability.
Chapter 3: ‘Europe’s environment and climate: state and outlook’ assesses the current state of the European environment as well as future perspectives and progress towards environment and climate policy objectives. It is structured around three main topics: biodiversity and ecosystems; climate change mitigation and adaptation; and pollution and environmental health.
Chapter 4: ‘Managing the dynamic between our economy and our natural resources’ explores competing priorities for natural resources in Europe and argues for the need to resolve trade-offs through sustainable resource management, decarbonisation, circularity and nature restoration.
Chapter 5: ‘Delivering on people’s needs: Europe’s production and consumption systems’ outlines the relationship between the natural world and Europe’s key production and consumption systems —energy, mobility, industry, food and the built environment. It shows how land, water and raw materials underpin Europe’s economic development and prosperity.
Chapter 6: ‘A cause for hope: levers of transformative change’ looks at why there are reasons for optimism, especially in certain areas. It examines the solid legislative framework for sustainability transitions which already exists, along with future levers including technological and social innovation, governance, finance, skills and jobs.
https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/europe-environment-2025/main-report
