The idea that culture plays a central role in development processes is increasingly accepted, both at academic level and by public administrations and supranational institutions, especially the European Union. From the field of knowledge and research, more solid and forceful evidence is provided that establish causal links between culture and creativity and multiple impacts on social and economic variables. This chapter summarizes the main results of a study that, through new and complex causal machine learning techniques, analyzes the impacts of cultural and creative sectors in European regions on various welfare dimensions, including income, employment, education, health or sense of community, among others. The results confirm that, both in Europe and in the Spanish regions in particular, the effects are positive in most areas for most regions. This shows the potential of culture and creativity to activate regional development processes and improve the well-being of European citizens.