• Be aware of advances in visual analysis in pediatric patients.
  • Be aware of advances in visual analysis in geriatric patients.
  • Understand the management and refractive treatment in specific conditions.
  • Know the visual anomalies with pathological incidence.
  • Know the different orthokeratology lens designs.
  • Know the indications for scleral support lenses.
  • Be familiar with different types of reconstructive elements of the orbital cavity and eyeball.
  • Know the different types of artificial corneas, their applications, advantages and disadvantages.
  • Understand how contact lenses interact with the tear film.
  • Understand the fundamentals and the difference in image formation in an optical system with and without optical aberrations.
  • Know advanced ocular exploration techniques from a functional perspective.
  • Understand the operating principles of the latest-generation optical and optometric instruments and their applications.
  • Understand the fundamental properties of laser radiation and its applications, optoelectronics and optomechanics, which form the basis of new therapeutic and diagnostic technologies.
  • Understand the principles of advanced optics applied to vision and instrumentation.
  • Understand the structure and function of the visual system in specific populations such as the elderly and patients with neural damage.
  • Understand the concepts of adaptation, stimulus, psychophysical task and measurement method.
  • Understand the operating principles of standard clinical psychophysics tests.
  • Understand the techniques and procedures of refractive and cataract surgery.
  • Understand optical solutions for refractive surgery.
  • Understand the pre- and post-operative examination protocols for refractive surgery patients.
  • Understand how to design an experiment and clinical research projects in optometry.
  • Understand methods for searching and accessing scientific information in bibliographic databases related to optometry.
  • Understand the main statistical tests used in optometric research.
  • Understand the various optometric fields in which visual therapy can be applied.
  • Understand optical, non-optical or electronic elements and teach and train their use for optimal visual performance.
  • Understand the latest research in the field of visual therapy.
  • Understand ocular and neural retinal alterations that may imply reduced visual function.
  • Understand optical and non-optical aids for low vision.
  • Understand the latest research in the field of low vision.
  • Understand vision problems of functional or pathological origin.
  • Understand the most prevalent pathologies with ocular impact.
  • Understand the problems affecting the ocular surface and their visual impact as well as the elements that can help protect or restore it.
  • Understand photometry aspects across various environments (indoor and/or outdoor) and their relation to the user's visual performance.
  • Understand the aspects involved in visual fatigue and performance in activities such as screen use, driving, sports practice and learning.
  • Understand regulations related to eye protection and visual performance.
  • Understand the functional limits of human vision and their relation to age, whether in the workplace or in leisure activities, in connection with task-related visibility factors.
  • Understand the incidence and prevalence of visual disorders.
  • Understand what vision screening is and how it is planned in the community.
  • Understand environmental and cardiovascular risk factors, habits and lifestyles affecting visual function.
  • Understand the types of anterior and middle segment analysers.
  • Understand ocular photography: retinography.
  • Understand the techniques for examining the retinal nerve fibre layer.
  • Understand examples of applications of current clinical exploration equipment.
  • Understand the physicochemical properties of ocular drugs and their effects on ocular pathologies including knowledge of possible adverse pharmacological reactions.
  • Understand the therapeutic or diagnostic aim of drugs and their adverse effects.
  • Understand the protein and vitamin components of food, nutrients and nutraceuticals and their impact on eye health and patients' quality of life.
  • Understand the strategies for organising and managing a company dedicated to products and services related to optometry and vision sciences.
  • Understand the regulatory framework governing businesses in the field of optics and optometry and its relation to the environment.
  • Understand the importance of marketing and basic concepts for its development in the business environment related to optics and optometry.
  • Understand advanced statistical methods applied to clinical research in optometry.
  • Understand different statistical calculation software programmes.
  • Understand the different action and care protocols depending on the patient.
  • Understand new techniques in refraction, visual examination, binocular vision analysis, visual training and optical elements for correcting visual problems.
  • Understand the concepts of deontology and professional best practices.
  • Understand all concepts previously covered in the degree programme.