The growing number of individuals suffering from addictive disorders has increased the interest to understand the factors involved in the vulnerability or resilience to addiction. Both result from the interaction between an innate predisposition, environmental factors and individual experiences. The main aim of this research unit is the study of the endophenotypes related with addictive behaviours, such as drug dependence or new behavioural addictions. The translational value of this research line is based on the study of several variables (behavioural or personality traits, neurocognitive, environmental, etc.) in both human beings and experimental rodents, especially during adolescence. In addition to finding “risk biomarkers”, it is essential to know which factors can enhance an individual’s resilience to the effects of stress on the subsequent incidence of an addiction. The final purpose of these studies is the development of future customized therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing or treating addictive behaviours.